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166 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alopecia
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hair loss (baldness)
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Annular
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circle shape to skin lesion
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Bulla
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elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1cm in diameter
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Confluent
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skin lesions that run together
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Crust
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thick, dried out exudate left on skin when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up
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Cyanosis
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dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes due to lack of O2
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Erosion
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scooped out, shallow depression in skin
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Erythema
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intense redness of the skin due o excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation
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Excoriation
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self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
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Fissure
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linear crack in skin extending into dermis
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Furnucle (boil)
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suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
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Hemangioma
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skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
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Iris
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target shape of skin lesion
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Keliod
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hypertropic scar, elevated beyond site of original injury
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Lichenification
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tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin, from prolonged intense scratching
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Lipoma
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benign fatty tumor
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Maceration
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softening of tissue by soaking
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Macule
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flat skin lesion with only color change
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Nevus (mole)
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circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
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Nodule
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elevated skin lesion, > 1cm
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Pallor
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excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
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Papule
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palpable skin lesion of < 1cm
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Plaque
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skin lesion in which papules coalesce or some together
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Pruritus
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itching
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Purpura
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red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissue from breaks in blood vessles
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Scale
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compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells
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Ulcer
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sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin
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Telangiectasia
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skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vesicles that are visible
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Vescile
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elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1cm
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Wheal
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raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid
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Zosteriform
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linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route
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Bruit
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blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope oven an area of abnormal blood flow
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Dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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Goiter
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inc. in size of thyroid that occurs with hyperthyroidism
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Lyphandenopathy
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enlargement of the lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm
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Macrocephalic
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abnormally large head
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Microcehpalic
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abnormally small head
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Normocephalic
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round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size
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Torticollis
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head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle
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Vertigo
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illusory sensation of either the room or one's own body spinning; its not the same as dizziness
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Accommodation
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adaptation of the eye for near vision by inc. the curvature of the lens
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Anisocoria
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unequal pupil size
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Arcus senilis
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gray-white arc or circle around the limbus of the iris that is common w/ aging
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Argyll Robertson pupil
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pupil does not react to light; does constrict with accommodation
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Astigmatism
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refractive error of vision due to differences in curvatures in refractive surface of the eye; vision is blurred due to the inability of the optics of the eye to focus a point object into a sharp focused image on the retina
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A-V crossing
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crossing paths of an artery and vein in the ocular fundus
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Bitemporal hemianopsia
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loss of both temporal visual feilds
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Blepharitis
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inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids
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Cataract
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opacity of the lens that develops slowly with aging and gradually obstructs vision
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Diplopia
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double vision
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Drusen
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deposits on the ocular fundus that show as round yellow dots and occur commonly w/ aging
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Exophthalmos
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protruding eyeballs
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Fovea
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area of keenest vision at the center of the macula on the ocular fundus
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Glaucoma
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a group of eye disease characterized by inc. intraocular pressure
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Hordeolum (stye)
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red, painful pustule that is localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin
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Myopia
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"nearsighted" refractive error in which near vision is better than far vision
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Mydriasis
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dilated pupils
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Miosis
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constricted pupils
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Nystagnus
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involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball
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OD
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right eye
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OS
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left eye
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Presbyopia
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dec. in power of accommodation that occurs with aging
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Ptosis
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drooping of upper eyelid over the iris and possibly covering the pupil
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Strabismus (squint, crossed eye)
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disparity of the eye axes
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Xanthelasma
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soft, raised yellow plaques occurring on the skin at the inner corners of the eyes
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Annulus
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outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum
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Atresia
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congenital absence or closure of earcanal
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Cerumen
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yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects ear canal
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Cochela
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inner ear structure containing the central hearing apparatus
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Organ of Corti
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sensory organ of hearing
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Otalgia
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pain in ear
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Otitis externa
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inflammation of the outer ear canal
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Otitis media
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inflammation of the middle ear and tympanic membrane
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Otorrhea
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discharge from the ear
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Tinnitus
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ringing in the ears
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Umbo
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knob of the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane
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vertigo
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a spinning, twirling sensation
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Aphthous ulcers (canker sores)
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small, painful, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
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Buccal
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Pertaining to the cheek
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Candidiasis
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white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
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Caries
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decay of the teeth
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Crypts
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indentations on surface of tonsils
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Cheilitis
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red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at corners of mouth
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Choanal atresia
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closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum b/t nasal cavity and pharynx
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Epitaxis
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nosebleed
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Epulis
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nontender, fibrous nodule of the gum
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Gingivitis
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red swollen gum margins that bleed easily
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Herpes simplex (cold sores)
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clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junction
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Koplik's spots
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small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosa; early sign of measles
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Leukoplakia
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chalky white, thick raised patch on sides of tongue; precancerious
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Malocclusion
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upper and lower dental arches out of alignmnet
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Papillae
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rough bumpy elevation on dorsal surface of tongue
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Parotid glands
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pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears
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Pharyngitis
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inflammation of the throat
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Plaque
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soft whitish debris on teeth
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Polyp
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smooth, pale gray nodules in the nasal cavity due to chronic allergic rhinitis
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Rhinitis
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red swollen inflammation of nasal mucosa
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Thrush
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oral candidiasis in the newborn
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Turbinate
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one of 3 bony projections into nasal cavity
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Angina pectoris
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acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply
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Aortic regurgitation
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incomplete aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole
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Aortic stenosis
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calcification of aortic valve cusps that restrict foward flow of blood during systole
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Aortic valve
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L. semilunar valve separating the L. ventricle and the aorta
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Apical pulse (PMI)
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pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest wall during systole, normally at the 5ht ICS in the MCL
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Base of heart
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broader area of heart's outline located at 3rd ICS
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Clubbing
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bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occurs w/ chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions
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Cor pulmonale
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R. ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension
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Diastole
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heart's filling phase
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Dyspnea
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difficult, labored breathing
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First heart sound (S1)
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occurs with closure of AV valves signaling the beginning of systole
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Second heart sound (S2)
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occurs with closure of semilunar valves, signals end of systole
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Third heart sound (S3)
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soft, low pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure
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Fourth heart sound (S4)
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very soft, low pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs during late diastole
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Gallop rhythm
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the addition of a 3rd or 4th heart sound that makes the rhythm sound like galloping horses
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LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy)
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inc. in thickness if myocardial wall that occurs when the heart pumps against chronic outflow obstruction
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Mitral regurgitation
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incompetent mitral valve allows regurgitation of blood back into L. atrium during diastole
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Mitral stenosis
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calcified mitral valve impeeds foward flow of blood into L. ventrical during diastole
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Mitral valve
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L. AV valve
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Palpitation
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uncomfortable awareness of rapid or irregular heart rate
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Paradoxical splitting
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opposite if a normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration, and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound
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Pericardial friction rub
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high pitched scratchy extra cardiac sound heard when precordium is inflamed
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Physiologic splitting
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normal variation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration
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Pulmonic regurgitation
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back flow of blood through incompetent pulmonic valve into R. ventrical
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Pulmonic stenosis
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calcification of pulmonic valve that restricts foward flow of blood during systole
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Summation gallop
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abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present
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Syncope
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temporary loss of consciousness due to dec. cerebral blood flow, caused by ventricular asystole or ventricular fibrillation
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Systole
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the heart's pumping phase
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Thrill
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soft, low-pitched, ventricular filling sound that occurs in early diastole and may be an early sign of heart failure
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Tricuspid valve
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R. AV valve
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Allen test
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determining the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery
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Aneurysm
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defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
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Arrhythmia
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variation from the hearts normal rhythm
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Arteriosclerosis
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thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
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Atherosclerosis
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plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer of the arteries
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Bruit
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blowing, swooshing sound heard through the stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
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Homans' sign
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calf pain that occurs when the foot is sharply dorsiflexed, may occur w/ DVT, phlebitis, Achilles tendinitis, or muscle injury
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Ischemia
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deficiency of arterial blood to a body part, due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
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Lymphedema
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swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting
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Pitting edema
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indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue
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Pulsus alternans
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regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies w/ alternating beats of large and small amplitude
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Pulsus bigeminus
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irregular rhythm, every other beat is premature, premature beats have weak amplitude
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Pulsus paradoxus
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beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspirations, stronger with expiration
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Thrombophlebitis
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imflimmation of the vein associated w/ thrombus formation
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Varicose veins
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dilated tortuous veins w/ incompetent valves
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Anorexia
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loss of appetite for food
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Ascites
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abnormal accumulation od serous fluid w/ in the peritoneal cavity, associated w/ CHF, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal HTN
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Borborygmi
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loud gurgling bowel sounds signaling inc. motility or hyperperistalsis, occur with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea
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Cecum
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first or proximal part of intestine
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Cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gall bladder
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Costal margin
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lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs
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Costalvertertebral angle (CVA)
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angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying kidney
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Diastasis recti
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midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles
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Dysphagia
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difficulty swallowing
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Epigastrium
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name of abdominal region b/t the costal margins
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Hepatomegaly
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abnormal enlargement of the liver
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Hernia
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abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakened abdominal muscles
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Inguinal ligament
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ligament extending from the pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spin, forming lower border of abdomen
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Linea alba
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midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles
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Paralytic ileus
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complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction
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Peritoneal friction rub
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rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation
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Peritonitis
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inflammation of peritoneum
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Pyloric stenosis
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congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach
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Pyrosis
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(heartburn) burning sensation in upper abdomen,due to reflux of gastric acid
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Scaphoid
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abnormally sunken abdominal wall as w/ malnutrition or underweight
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Splenomegaly
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abnormal enlargement of spleen
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Striae
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silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity
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