Physical Anthropology Lab Quiz#1

Front 1

Sequence of bases in DNA strand

Back 1

A to T
C to G

Front 2

Male Chromosome

Back 2

X and Y

Front 3

Female Chromosome

Back 3

X and X

Front 4

Hardy-Weinberg Formula

Back 4

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Front 5

Mitosis

Back 5

Cell Division
means of passing DNA from cell to cell

Front 6

Meiosis

Back 6

Cell division for sexual reproduction

Front 7

Chi-square test

Back 7

used to determine whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis in an experiment

Front 8

Null Hypothesis

Back 8

hypothesis of no relationship between the variables

Front 9

Natural Selection

Back 9

the process of adaptation of species in the enviroment they live in. The most "fittest" survive

Front 10

Macroevolution

Back 10

species adapt and changes over a long period of time

Front 11

Microevolution

Back 11

adaptation not including species change and over a small period of time

Front 12

Scientific Method

Back 12

Paradigm, Subject, Problem, Hypothesis, Operationalization, Testing, Theory

Front 13

Paradigm

Back 13

(1st on the Scientific Method)
the paradigm of physical anthropology is the study of bones in a human being

Front 14

Subject

Back 14

(2nd on the Scientific Method)
a smaller aspect of paradigm
ie: shapes of feet

Front 15

Problem

Back 15

(3rd on the Scientific Method)
a problem for physical anthro is the nature of why we are structured with 5 toes.

Front 16

Hypothesis
(Test Criteria)

Back 16

(4th on the Scientific Method)
a tentative explaination of an observed phenomenon. A prediction or educated guess

Front 17

Operationalization

Back 17

(5th on Scientific Method)
putting together research design and stating what you will be studying, how you will study it, what things do you need, ect

Front 18

Testing

Back 18

(6th on the Scientific Method)
finding the sample and studying it, collecting data and analyzing to come up with the results

Front 19

Theory

Back 19

(7th on the scientific method)
a hypothesis that has been shown to probably be true "a system of validated hypothesis"

Front 20

Allele

Back 20

alternative forms of a gene

Front 21

Autosomes

Back 21

Chromosomes that carry DNA for all characteristics except for the sex of the individual

Front 22

Chromatid

Back 22

One of two identical copies of DNA comprimising a replicated chromosome

Front 23

Codominant Alleles

Back 23

Alleles that are both expressed when paired in an organism

Front 24

Dominant Alleles

Back 24

An allele that is phenotypically expressed in the heterozygote and that prevents the expression of the recessive allele

Front 25

Gene

Back 25

That section of DNA that defines the specific code for a series of amino acids making up a protien or a part of a protien

Front 26

Gene Pool

Back 26

The total complement of genes in a population

Front 27

Genome

Back 27

A complete set of chromsomes (and genes)

Front 28

Genotype

Back 28

All of the genetic information contained in an organisim; the enetic constitution (gene makeup) of an organism

Front 29

Heterozygote

Back 29

An organism with unlike members of any given pair or series of alleles at a particular locus

Front 30

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 30

Carry genetic information for the same trait at he same location

Front 31

Homozygote

Back 31

An organism whose chromosomes carry identical members of a given pair of alleles.

Front 32

Phenotype

Back 32

Characteristics of an individual visually observed or discernable by other means

Front 33

Recessive Allele

Back 33

An allele that is not expressed when paired with a dominant allele

Front 34

Evolution

Back 34

a change in gene or allele frequencies from one generation to the next

Front 35

Biological Classification

Back 35

Karl Von Linné assigned each organism in a genus and species

Front 36

Clade

Back 36

a group of organisms related through a common ancestor

Front 37

Primate Classification

Back 37

5 digits on hands and feet, sensitive tactile pads, nails instead of claws on at least 1 digit, opposible thumbs, increased complexity of the brain, omnivorous diet

Front 38

Quadruped

Back 38

center of gravity roughly over the forelimbs

Front 39

Biped

Back 39

center of gravity is closer to the hind legs

Front 40

Brachiators

Back 40

center of gravity is low in their body

Front 41

Prognathism on a Quadruped

Back 41

Extensive prognathism
Very long tooth row
Very long snout

Front 42

Prognathism on a Biped

Back 42

Short tooth row
Nasal and tooth row more directly under forehead
Reduced Prognathis

Front 43

Prognathism on a Brachiator

Back 43

More similar to biped (reduced) than quadruped

Front 44

Foraman Magnum on Quadruped

Back 44

Near rear of cranium

Front 45

Foraman Magnum on Biped

Back 45

More centrally located under cranium

Front 46

Foramen Magnum on Braciator

Back 46

Intermediate

Front 47

Nuchal Crest on Quadruped

Back 47

Very large, rough area indicating origin of substantial nuchal muscles

Front 48

Nuchal Crest on Biped

Back 48

No nuchal crest

Front 49

Nuchal Crest on Brachiator

Back 49

Similar to Biped (none)

Front 50

Mastoid Process on Quadruped

Back 50

Very small

Front 51

Mastroid Process on Biped

Back 51

Fairly large

Front 52

Mastroid Process on Brachiator

Back 52

Not pronounced

Front 53

Illium on Quadruped

Back 53

Long and narrow
Greater sciatic notch, very wide
forms an obtuse angle

Front 54

Illium on Biped

Back 54

Short and Splayed
Greater scieatic notch is more accurate

Front 55

Illium on Brachiator

Back 55

Intermediate