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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prosimians
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-most primitive of all primates
-rely more on smell (longer snout) -lemurs, lorises, tarsiers -tooth comb and grooming claw -diurnal, omnivorous, female dominance, terrestrial in groups -great leapers, locomotion: quadrupedal |
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anthropoids
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-humans, monkeys, apes
-opposable thumbs -forward facing eyes -color vision and larger body/brain -reduced reliance on smell -have nails (no grooming claw) -reproductive/gestational period is longer |
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new world monkeys (NW)
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-"platyrrhines"
-arboreal -can wrap tails around trees -widespread habitat |
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new world monkeys (continued)
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-infraorder: platyrrhini
-a part of the superfamily: ceboidea |
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ceboidea
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divided into families:
-callitrichidae: tamarins, marmosets (small) -atelidae: howler & spider monkeys (biggest) -cebidae: squirrel & capuchin pithecidae: sakis aotidae: owl monkeys |
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callitrichidae
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-marmosets & tamarins
-smallest NW monkey -insectivorous (eat some fruit and gum) -always have twins; live in family groups (1 fem., 2 males) & each male has one child to help take care of -move around like squirrels |
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atelidae
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-howler, spider, and woolly
-largest of NW monkeys -variation in diet (leaves, fruit, etc.) -locomotion: arboreal quadrupedalism -sexual dimorphism (howler and woolly)- major difference in body size/color between males and females -sperm competition (woolly)- large testicles for sperm competition |
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cebids
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-2nd smallest/smaller platyrrhine
*capuchin: -some hunt and eat other monkeys -have very large brains *squirrel monkey: -mainly eat insects -sometimes travel with capuchins to help watch for predators -males retain water/"buff up" to attract mates |
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old world simians
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-infraorder: catarrhini
-2 superfamilies: cercopithecoidea (OW monkeys), hominoidea (apes and humans) |
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catarrhini vs. platyrrhini
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catarrhini:
-most are arboreal and terrestrial -have nostrils that face downward (humans) platyrrhini: -have nostrils that face outward -have tails |
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catarrhines (OW monkeys)
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-tails usually shorter
-widely distributed in africa/asia -have sitting pads on rear - dental: 2,1,2,3 -narrow nose |
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cercopithecidae
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-cheek pouches for food storage
-wide incisors -well developed/flexible thumb -arms & legs= similar size can have bright color markings -baboons, macaques, mandrills, mangabeys, and guenons |
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guenons
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-major difference: color sequence of coat patterns
-webbed feet and hands= can swim in swamps -most primitive member of cercopithecidae |
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colobinae
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-primarily eat leaves
-special stomach= 2 gut chambers and extremely long digestive tract for longer digestion of leaves -longer legs (great leapers) |
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OW monkeys vs. NW monkeys
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platyrrhine (NW):nostrils outward/wider; dental plan: 2133; longer tails
catarrhine (OW): downward/narrower; dental plan:2123; shorter tails |
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OW & NW monkeys
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*OW & NW monkeys have been evolving from separate ancestors from at least 30 million years ago
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hominoidea
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-apes and humans
*differ from monkeys in: -larger body size -shorter trunk/absence of tail -shoulder joint position and musculature -increased brain size -increased period of infant development and dependency -apes/humans=no tails; monkeys=tails |
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hylobatidae
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-"lesser apes"
-locomotion: brachiation aka swinging from trees -usually small nuclear families (mom, dad, offspring) -diet = mostly fruit |
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pongidae
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-"great apes"
-largest of apes -subfamily: ponginae *genuses: -pongo (orangutan) -gorilla -pan (chimpanzees & bonobos) |
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pongo
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-orangutan
-today found only in indonesia -have specialized limbs -largest mammals that live in trees -fruit eaters (frugivores) -males and females have a size difference (sexually dimorphic) -males usually solitary and could have mult. females in a large home range |
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gorilla
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-largest of all primates
-very relaxed/friendly unless threatened -largest of terrestrial (of all primates) -mostly frugivores -sexually dimorphic -live in social groups with a dominant male (silverback male) |
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pan (bonobos)
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-rely on sexual activity to relieve group tension (and to bond)
-males & females about same size -not as agressive/exciteable as chimps -frugivorous - |
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pan (chimpanzees)
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-frugivorous
-engage in war-like activities with other groups -known to share food to gain dominance or for mating -group centered on closely bonded males ("bro time")= hunting parties |
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hominidae
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-humans
-dependence on sight -sense of smell not as strong -flexible limbs -grasping hands and feet |
