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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Holistic
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multifaceted approach to anthropology proposed by Fran Boas.
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Physical Anthropology
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study of the body, and the variation among humans.
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Anthro linguistics
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study of language
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Primates
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divided into anthropoids and prosimians
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ethnology
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how recent cultures differ and how they are similar
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ethnographer
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spends time living, interacting with the culture he/she is studying
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Material culture
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not nature, everything that human beings make
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non material
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values, beliefs,
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Taphonomy
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study of the change that occurs once and organism/object has been buried.
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datum
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a fixed reference point
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artifacts
ecofacts features |
1) made by people (knives)
2) natural objects changed by people ( bone from animals used as weapon) 3) things that can't be moved (giant art piece) |
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lithics
ceramics |
1) tools made by stone
2) tools made out of clay like pots. |
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absolute dating
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radiocarbon dating used to date the actual age of the specimen.
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relative dating
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uses a species similar to the species you are trying to date as reference. (also using the setiment to date)
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FUN Trio
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Fluorine, uraninum, nitrogen,
older fossils have higher levels of fluorine |
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law of superposition
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lower layers are generally older while higher layers are younger.
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radiocarbon dating
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dating method that measure the carbon (c14) can date up to 50,000 years
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K-ar Dating
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can date from 5000-3 billion used for minerals, rocks.
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osteology
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study of bones and the form and function of them
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sexually dimorphic
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a male varies with height, weight, appearance then its female counterpart.
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carrying capacity
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how many people that land can support.
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speciation
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the development of a new species
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dominant
recessive |
1) homozygous (MM)
2) heterozygous (Mm) remember gregor mendel. |
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allele
gene |
1) member of a pair of gene
2) heritable |
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mitosis
meiosis |
1. cellular reproduction
2. sex reproduction |
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crossing over
mutation |
1.exchanges a section of chromosomes from one to another.
2. change in the dna produces and altered gene |
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4 sub fields of anthro
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1 cultural
2 physical 3 archaeology 4 linguistics |
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Carolus Linnaeus
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made the classification system
eg. class mammalia |
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Jean Baptiste Lamark
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started to develop a theory of inherited characteristics
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george curvier
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religious guy, made catastrophism, the fixity of species
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Catastrophism
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curvier, said the world with begin and end with natural disasters. no new species were being developed the world was just killing and making new ones (no)
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Quadrupeds
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mammals that walk on all fours
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Stepsirhines
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tarsiers, lemurs,
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playtrrines
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anthropoids, flat nose, found in central + south america
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y5 pattern
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the cusp of the molar looks like a y. (human)
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Bilophodant
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having a parallel ridge on all molars (not human)
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directional selection
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favours genes that are adaptive and increases the frequency
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normalizing selection
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removes harmful gene that arose by mutation
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balancing selection
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a heterozygous pair of genes if favoured over homozygous
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acclimation
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how your body changes when you move to a new place
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Bergmann's rule
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bigger bodes= colder environment
smaller bodies= waker environment |
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Allens rule
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longer arms= warmer environment
smaller arms= colder environment |
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Gloger rule
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More Melanin= hotter places
Less melanin= colder places |
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virgin soil epidemic
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when a new disease enters a society that has not dealt with that disease before.
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sickle cell anemia
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crescent shape red blood cells (there supposed to shape circles) slow down and are deprived of oxygen.
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horticulture
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land is worked for short period of time and left for awhile to regenerate
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shifting cultivation
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land is worked for a short period of time and then left to regenerate for some years.
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slash and burn tech
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vegetation is cut down and burned then used for a short period of time left for years
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neolithic
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new stone age. presence of domestic plants and animals.
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egalitarian
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society that does not have a government everyone is equal
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cuneiform
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writing from sumer, wedged shaped.
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Ethno medicine
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health related beliefs in western society
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bio med
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dominant medical paradigm in western society.
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Sumer
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unified under single gov
had an army nobles--> merchants--> citizens--> slaves |
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Teotihuacan valley
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unified under central state
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Machu Piccu
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thought to be a resort of richer citizens
thought to be work of the inka |
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Franciso Pazzaro
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invaded and killed most people in macho piccu
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oasis theory
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childe said that a major climate shift happened so animals went to these "oasis" where they flourished.
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binford and flannery
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did not agree with childe, said that people were multiplying so others had to move to less optimal zones to start cultivation other food resources
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neolithic
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the start of domesticating plants and animals
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mesolithic
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people are starting to settle down in camps and villages
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fertiles crescent
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near east where people are starting to use agriculture
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copper
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needs to be heated about 1100 degrees. used in the "bronze age"
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iron
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had to make completely new tech to use needs to be heated a lot to be useful
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