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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
this is the best early detection marker in the blood, post-MI
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troponin I
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average respirations/min for adults
kids? |
12-20
20-30 |
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dyspnea is
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difficulty breathing (SOB)
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orthopnea is
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difficulty breathing while laying down (how many pillows?)
blood pools in chest and abdomen when supine |
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cyanosis is also known as
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blueness of the skin due to lack of blood perfusion
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clubbing of fingers indicates
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poor perfusion to ends of fingers
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a barrel chest indicates
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an increase/hypertrophy of chest muscles involved in respiration
COPD bronchitis |
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crackling noises indicate
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bronchitis (due to increased purulent exudate in alveoli-alveolar opening)
pathological S3 |
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localized area of collapsed lung or alveoli is known as
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atelectasis
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this has the symptom of sharp pain in chest with dull, flat fremitus
patient complains of trouble breathing |
pleural effusion
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these are the 3 main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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emphysema
bronchitis asthma |
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this has the signs of tachypnea, loss of alveoli, and a 'pink puffer'-patient presentation
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emphysema
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this has the signs of decreased respiration rate, with elevated airway resistance, increased mucus production and a 'blue-bloater'-patient presentation
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bronchitis
(crackles upon auscultation) |
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normal pH of the blood
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7.4 +/- 0.05
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this is the molecule used to determine a respiratory change in the blood pH
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CO2
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this is the molecule used to determine a metabolic change in the blood pH
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HCO3-
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this is the amount of blood absorbed by Hgb in RBCs
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O2 saturation
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you must always do this testing after a respiratory-compromised patient has been on beta-blocker meds
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spirometry
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all that wheezes is not asthma,
could also be |
CHF
airway obstruction with FB chronic bronchitis gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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the bronchi sound upon auscultation
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tubular and louder
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the vesicles/lobes sound upon auscultation
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soft and short for expirations
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murmurs are caused by blood rushing over a stenosis/structure in
bruits are caused by blood rushing over a stenosis/structure in |
valves/vessels of the heart
vessels |
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S1 is associated with
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the closing of the atrioventricular valves
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S2 is associated with
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closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves
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S3 is associated with
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deceleration of blood against ventricular wall
just after S2 |
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S4 is associated with
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atrial contraction against higher ventricular pressures
just before S1 |
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S3 gallop
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failure of volume overloaded ventricle
KEN-TUCK-Y |
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S4 gallop
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stiff, thickened LV wall assoc with HTN, AS, post-MI
TENN-E-SSEE |
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these are the 1st line of treatment for CHF
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beta-blockers
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this is the drug used first for post-MI
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beta blockers
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the P wave of an EKG indicates
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atrial contraction
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the QRS complex of an EKG indicates
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depolarization and contraction of the ventricles
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primary heart block can be described as
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slowed conduction to the AV node
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secondary heart block can be described as
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intermittent failure of conduction (extra P wave)
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tertiary heart block can be described as
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no AV pulses transmitted whatsoever
rhythmic rate 30-40/min congenital-good prognosis acquired-reflects damage (poor prognosis) |
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if CHF is caused by a stenosis, this indicates
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pressure overload
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if CHF is caused by regurgitation, this indicates
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volume overload
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what are the 4 things you must do if your patient is having an MI
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give ASA
call 911 administer AED supplemental O2 |
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diaphoresis means
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excessive sweat/exertion presentation
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distended neck veins/foot swelling/suprasternal notch all indicate
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right side heart failure/heart block
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a PMI displaced downward indicates
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COPD
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a PMI displaced laterally indicates
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CHF
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if the size of PMI is > 2.5 cm, assume
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LVH
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the diaphragmatic areas of auscultation for cardiac assessment are (starting with the top of the 'Z' and going to the bottom)
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aortic area
pulmonic area erb's point tricuspid area mitral area |
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chest pain/pressure
SOB palpitations syncope sympathetic responses atypical presentations |
all symptoms of MI/heart problems
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perceived volume overload of vasculature at night, results in urine increase
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nocturia
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sudden waking from sleep due to decreased respiration and angina
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paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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these can cause gray outs
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TIAs
heart block |
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this type of arrhythmia responds to deep breaths
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paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
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this will cause lid edema in early AM
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CHF
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