Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
All protozoa of the Phylum Apicomplexa are ________. Examples are____________ & ____________ parasites.
|
parasites
Toxoplasmosis & Malaria |
|
|
What is unique about the protoza of the Apicomplexa Phylum?
|
Sporozoites & Merozoites have an unusual organelle called the Apical Complex.
|
|
|
Where is the Apical complex located and how is it detected?
|
at the anterior end of sporozoites & merozoites and only deteced under eletron microscope.
|
|
|
The Apical Complex consists of:
|
1 or 2 polar rings
micronemes rhoptries subpellicular microtubules conoid |
|
|
What is the function of the micropores.
|
function for ingestion of the host cytoplasm & other food materials durning the intracellular life.
|
|
|
Genius Toxoplasma & Plasmodium belong to what Phylum?
|
Apicomplexa
|
|
|
Briefly describe the reproduction cycle of Toxoplasma & Plasmodium.
|
Asexual reproduce by means of multiple fission.
Sexual reproduce by means of syngamy. Oocyst are the end product of sexual reproduction. |
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii cause what diease and what is the drug of choice for treatment?
|
Toxoplasmosis
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim) and Sulfadiazine. Taken together they act synergistically. |
|
|
What causes Toxoplasmosis? Method of infection?
|
Ingestion of zoitocysts containing bradyzoites. Ingestion of tachyzoites. Ingestion of Oocyst.
Undercooked meat(pork, lamb, beef) Unwashed vegs or other contamination from cat feces. |
|
|
Sypmtoms of Acute Toxoplasmosis.
|
Flu-like
Swollen lymph nodes fever headache & muscle pain |
|
|
What causes Sub-Acute Toxoplasmosis.
|
Occus as immunity develops slowly. signs & sypmtoms extended. Tachyzoites continue to damage cells and cause extensive lesions in the liver, lungs, heart, brain & eyes.
|
|
|
sypmtoms of Chronic Toxoplasmosis.
|
Severe damage to the brain, retina, heart & skeletal muscles may occur.
|
|
|
Congenital Toxoplasmosis.
|
Tachyzoites cross through the placenta & infect fetus. Asymptomatic, however can cause spontaneous abortion, still-birth or mental retardation.
|
|
|
Prevention of Toxoplasmosis.
|
do not eat undercooked meat.
get rid of stray cats. do not allow cats in house. make sure sandboxes have lids. freeze meat below -14 C for a few hours. |
|
|
Toxoplasma gondii:
Definitive Host. Intermittent host. Vectors. |
DH: Members of Cat Family.
IH: Humans, other mammals and birds. V: Cockroaches and filth flies. |
|
|
Bradyzoites are:
|
tachyzoites that are in the brain, eyes, heart & skeletal muscles and multiple more slowly.
|
|
|
What 4 species causes Malaria.
|
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium oval |
|
|
3 of the species that cause malaria do not have reservior host. What species does and what is the reservior host.
|
Plasmodoum malariae.
Chimpanzees. |
|
|
What is the Definitive Host for Malaria species?
|
Anopheles Mosquito
|
|
|
What is the signet- ring stage?
|
Merozoites enter RBC transforms into a trophozoite which ingest host cytoplasm and develops a large food vacuole.
|
|
|
Plasmodium vivax is also referred to as what and why?
|
Benign Tertian Malaria, Vivax malaria, or Tertian Ague. 48 hour fevers, gracious because only invades young RBC and vivax for signet-ring stage. Ague (fever that returns at intervals).
|
|
|
Plasmodium falciparum is also referred to as what and why?
|
Malignant tertian malaria, Sutertian Malaria, Estivoautumnal, falciparum Malaria. 40-48 hrs, harmful invades all RBC, occurs during summer and fall.
|
|
|
Plasmodium malariae is also referred to as what and why?
|
Quartan malariae. fevers occur every 72 hours. Merozoites infect aging RBC.
|
|
|
Plasmodium ovale is referred to as what and why?
|
mild tertian malaria or ovale malaria. Rarest. only invades young RBC.
|
|
|
What is Blackwater fever?
|
Acute massive lysis of RBC as autoimmune condition. Hemoglobin and hemozoin are present in blood & urine resulting in dark urine(blackwater). fever, jaundice and vomiting. death from renal failure. Inadequate drug treatment of falciparum malaria infection.
|
|
|
Relaspes of Malaria occur why?
|
P. vivax & P. ovale cause relapses when trophozoites & merozoites destroyed in the blood but not in the liver (hypnozoites). the cycle in the liver is delayed up to 8 years.
|
|
|
Recrudescence of Malaria occurs why?
|
P. malariae can remain alive in the blood up to 53 years and cause symptoms to reappear.
|
|
|
Treatment for Malaria.
|
Chlorquine is effective against all strains (even hypnozoites). Primaquine is used for P. vivax & P. ovale. Mefloquine (Lariam) is used for Chlorquine resist P. faclciparum.
|
|
|
Name 2 drugs used as prophylactic for travelers to malarious regions.
|
Mefloquine (Lariam) and Doxycycline.
|
