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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Depth of field
the distance in a scene between the nearest and furthest points that appear sharp in a photograph
three factors that affect the depth of field
aperture size, focal length, lens-to-subject distance
stopping down the lens to a smaller aperture (f/2 -> f/16 for example)..
increases the depth of field
as aperture gets smaller...
more of the scene will be sharp in the photograph
a shorter-focal-length lens (50mm at f/8 vs 200mm at f/8 for example)...
increases the depth of field at any given aperture
moving farther away from the subject..
increases depth of field most of all
using a smaller aperture, amount of light entering the camera _
decreased
to maintain total exposure using a smaller aperture, a _ shutter speed must be used
slower
SLR (single lens reflex) camera
a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured
zone focusing
uses the depth of field scale on the lens to set the focus and aperture so that the action will be photographed well within the depth of field
view cameras are usually used with a tripod to...
avoid the motion blur when the aperture is small and the shutter speed is correspondingly slow
when shooting a scene that includes important objects at a distance as well as close up...
you want max. depth of field (focusing at infinity or hyperfocal distance)
exposing film correctly:
setting the shutter speed and aperture so the let in the correct amount of light for a given film and scene
making a correct exposure involves understanding three things:
1) how the shutter speed and the aperture work together to control light
2) the sensitivity of your film or digital sensor to light (ISO rating)
3) how to measure the amount of light and then set the exposure, either auto or manually
negative
image produced when film is exposed to light and then developed
tones of a negative
reverse of the original scene
a positive print can be made from the negative by
shining light through the negative onto piece of light-sensitive paper
exposure determines...
the lightness or darkness of the image
the exposure you give a negative (combination of f-stop and shutter speed) determines...
how much light from a scene will reach the film and how dense or dark the negative will be
the more light that reaches the film...
the denser the negative, the lighter the final image
with too much variation (stops) from the correct exposure
prints and slides begin to look bad
too much light _ a negative, making the final image too _
overexposes, pale
overexposes, pale
too little exposure to light _ a negative, resulting in a final image too _
underexposed, dark
underexposed, dark
digital cameras produce _ negative, but the results of over and underexposure are _
NO, the same
exposure meters
measure the amount of light; then, for the given film speed, calculate f-stop and shutter speed combinations that will product a correct exposure for a scene
two different types of exposure meters
build into the camera and handheld
exposure =
intensity * time
can adjust the exposure by
changing the shutter speed, aperture, or both
exposure changes are measured in
stops
one stop _
doubles or halves the exposre
braketing
take several photographs of the same scene, increasing and decreasing the exposure by adjusting the aperture or shutter speed one stop
shutter priority mode
you select shutter speed, camera selects aperture
aperture priority mode
you select aperture, camera selects shutter speed
manual
you select shutter speed and aperture
underexposed (too dark) pictures can result from _ backgrounds
bright or above-average light tones
overexposed (too bright) pictures can result from _ backgrounds
darker or above-average dark tones
most common exposure problem
a backlit subject - one that is against a much lighter background
too render more accurate brightness of your subject, try...
moving in closer to the subject to eliminate background light