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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Depth of field
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the distance in a scene between the nearest and furthest points that appear sharp in a photograph
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three factors that affect the depth of field
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aperture size, focal length, lens-to-subject distance
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stopping down the lens to a smaller aperture (f/2 -> f/16 for example)..
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increases the depth of field
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as aperture gets smaller...
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more of the scene will be sharp in the photograph
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a shorter-focal-length lens (50mm at f/8 vs 200mm at f/8 for example)...
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increases the depth of field at any given aperture
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moving farther away from the subject..
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increases depth of field most of all
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using a smaller aperture, amount of light entering the camera _
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decreased
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to maintain total exposure using a smaller aperture, a _ shutter speed must be used
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slower
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SLR (single lens reflex) camera
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a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured
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zone focusing
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uses the depth of field scale on the lens to set the focus and aperture so that the action will be photographed well within the depth of field
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view cameras are usually used with a tripod to...
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avoid the motion blur when the aperture is small and the shutter speed is correspondingly slow
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when shooting a scene that includes important objects at a distance as well as close up...
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you want max. depth of field (focusing at infinity or hyperfocal distance)
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exposing film correctly:
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setting the shutter speed and aperture so the let in the correct amount of light for a given film and scene
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making a correct exposure involves understanding three things:
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1) how the shutter speed and the aperture work together to control light
2) the sensitivity of your film or digital sensor to light (ISO rating) 3) how to measure the amount of light and then set the exposure, either auto or manually |
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negative
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image produced when film is exposed to light and then developed
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tones of a negative
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reverse of the original scene
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a positive print can be made from the negative by
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shining light through the negative onto piece of light-sensitive paper
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exposure determines...
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the lightness or darkness of the image
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the exposure you give a negative (combination of f-stop and shutter speed) determines...
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how much light from a scene will reach the film and how dense or dark the negative will be
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the more light that reaches the film...
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the denser the negative, the lighter the final image
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with too much variation (stops) from the correct exposure
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prints and slides begin to look bad
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too much light _ a negative, making the final image too _
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overexposes, pale
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too little exposure to light _ a negative, resulting in a final image too _
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underexposed, dark
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digital cameras produce _ negative, but the results of over and underexposure are _
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NO, the same
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exposure meters
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measure the amount of light; then, for the given film speed, calculate f-stop and shutter speed combinations that will product a correct exposure for a scene
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two different types of exposure meters
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build into the camera and handheld
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exposure =
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intensity * time
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can adjust the exposure by
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changing the shutter speed, aperture, or both
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exposure changes are measured in
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stops
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one stop _
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doubles or halves the exposre
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braketing
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take several photographs of the same scene, increasing and decreasing the exposure by adjusting the aperture or shutter speed one stop
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shutter priority mode
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you select shutter speed, camera selects aperture
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aperture priority mode
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you select aperture, camera selects shutter speed
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manual
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you select shutter speed and aperture
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underexposed (too dark) pictures can result from _ backgrounds
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bright or above-average light tones
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overexposed (too bright) pictures can result from _ backgrounds
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darker or above-average dark tones
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most common exposure problem
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a backlit subject - one that is against a much lighter background
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too render more accurate brightness of your subject, try...
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moving in closer to the subject to eliminate background light
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