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73 Cards in this Set

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Bilabial definition and examples
2 Lips, p, b, m, w
Nasals
Oral tract completely closed behind lips or tongue. VP port is open, velum lowered. Occasional oral leakage, still can resonate. M, N, NG (no air though mouth- is through nose)
Velar Consonants
K, G, NG(soft palate & tongue)
Glides
Articulators make a gradual gliding motion from constrained to open configuration. VP is closed, so sound goes though mouth. W, Y (start in 1 way, end another)
Suprasegmentals
Means "above speech". Change intonation, pitch, pausing to make speech interesting.
IPA Means
International Phonetic Alphabet. It was created for linguists, but SLP's borrowed to describe speech sounds. Not perfect.
IPA of X
KS
Voice vs Voiceless
vibration vs no vibration
Coarticulation
Changes in the production features of consonants and vowels as they are influenced by surrounding sounds. Brain gets ready for sound before its said. Keep and Coop.
Consonants
Some are voiced, some are not dependent on vowels. There is friction in the mouth. Sound is made with constriction/occlusion of oral cavity. (as in "s" when you seal sides of mouth with tongue) acoustically less intense. Voice/less, Placement, Manner
Vowels
Always voiced & continuous. Sound without constriction/ occlusion in oral or pharengeal (back of throat) cavity. AKA "o" Serves as syllable nucleous. Acoustically more intense/ sonorant.
Syllables
The union of vowels & consonants. (we've practiced CVC excersises) Vowel is nucleous.
Morpheme
Smallest unit of meaning (cat=1 morpheme word, cats=2 morphemes) Add syllable. Past tense "go" vs "went" changes morpheme. grammar and syntax of language. stems, suffix, prefix.
Phoneme
Smallest unit of sound that distinguishes morphemes.
42-44 in English.
Vowelized R
the R is attached to the vowel, as in Car.
Anatomy of Communication
Respiration, Phonation, Resonance, Articulation, Cerebration
Velopharengial
The structures and muscles of the soft palate and sourrounding pharengeal walls. Open for M, N, NG. Closed for vowels.
Physical Articulators
Mandible (jaw), Tongue (tip, blade, lateral martins, root), lips, teeth/molars, velum-soft palate, hard palate (ALVEOLAR RIDGE)
Jaw Stability
occurs around age 6. muscle strengthens. test-put pen in mouth and pen does not move when you talk. if it moves, stability is not good.
Consonant placement on 3 parts of tongue.
Tip: T, D, L, N, S, Z
Blade: SH, CH, J, R
Back: K, G, NG
Sonorant
sounds made by rel. open vocal tract w resonance. Mostly Vowels. m,n,w,l,r,j,ng
Monopthongs
Vowels that remain mostly the same throughout production. U, I, AE as in cat.
Dipthongs
Digraph. vowels that go through a change in quality in production. ai, au.
Phonemic-aI, cI, au.
Non Phonemic-eI, ou (single syllable dipthong=cake, go)
Front, Mid, Back Vowels
See Chart For Memorization.
i,I,e,ε,æ/
u,Ʊ,o,ͻ,a/
backwards ə, ɚ, ɝ, ˄
p
voiceless, bilabial, stop, obstruent
b
voiced, bilabial, stop, obstruent
m
voiced, bilabial, nasal, sonorant
w
voiced, bilabial, glide, sonorant
f
voiceless, labiodental, fricative, obstruent
v
voiced, labiodental, fricative, obstruent
θ
(th) voiceless, linguadental, fricative, obstruent
ð
(th at end, as in mother) voiced, linguadental, fricative, obstruent
t
voiceless, lingua-alveolar, stop, obstruent
d
voiced, lingua-alveolar, stop, obstruent
s
voiceless, lingua-alveolar, fricative, obstruent
z
voiced, lingua-alveolar, fricative, obstruent
n
voiced, lingua-alveolar, nasal, sonorant
l
voiced, lingua-alveolar, lateral liquid sonorant
ʃ
(sh) voiceless, lingua-palatal, fricative, obstruent
Ʒ
(zh)voiced, lingua-plalatal, fricative, obstruent
ʧ
(ch)voiceless, lingua-palatal, africate, obstruent
ʤ
(soft j)voiced, lingua-palatal, africate, obstruent
r
voiced, lingua-palatal, liquid-rhotic, sonorant
j
(=y) voiced, lingua-palatal, glide, sonorant
k
voiceless, velar, stop, obstruent
g
voiced, velar, stop, obstruent
ŋ
(ng) voiced, velar, nasal, sonorant
h
voiceless, glottal, fricative, obstruent (no sound, control air flow in mouth, high frequency)
Clinical phonetic transcription
gives description about individuals speech sound production and perceptual discriminations help evaluate differences from norm. (informational vs perceptual) Represent the client's sound
Phonetic system scoring, articulation test
Two way-right vs wrong
Five way:
Correct-
Deletion/omission-duck=uck
Substitution-duck=guck
Distortion-frog=furog
Addition-frog=frog-uh
Transcription symbols
/ / are hypothetical, [ ] are actually spoken.
phonetic levels of complexity
isolation, words, phrases/ sentences, continuous conversation
Placement of Consonants
prevocalic-before vowel
intervocalic-between two vowels
postvocalic-after vowel
Initial, Medial, Final (part of word)
Open syllable-vowel open at end
Closed syllable-vowel closed at send. aka law vs seep
Speech Community
share common language/syntax, ethnic, work area, sex, adult/child
Dialects/Regional dialects vs Idiolects
formalizes a community. Mutually intelligible form of language. different pronunciation or vocabulary. Not a disorder. Idiolects-characteristic of person speech "yadda, yadda, yadda"
Grapheme
letter of alphabet. phoneme grapheme relationships: Teacher: "b" says "buh"
Allophone
Variation in phoneme realization that do not change the meaning of a word. (aka pie & pot vs. spy & spot) Free variation=2 allophones that can be exchanged for one another. (mop vs mop(h)-released and unreleased)
Phonology of Articulation
Study and production of speech sounds. Disorder is inability to produce or percieve speech sounds.
Phonology
Speech sounds and the rules that govern their use. ex=holding the "p" sound. rule is to spit it out. Disorder is the inability to manipulate phonemes and their patterns.
Inspiration vs Expiration in sounds
Inspiration is ingressive sounds
Expiration is egressive sounds
Physical Resonance Parts
Velum, Pharyngeal walls. uvula, epiglottis, nasal passages
Phonation
Larynx (voice box) sits on top of wind pipe and the air vibrates the vocal folds. Open at rest. Made of cartilage. Can break and doesn't heal well.
Allograph
variation in spellings for a phoneme (aka I sound. Meet, Mean, Pity)
Descriptors of Vowel Placement
High vs low, front/mid/back, tense vs lax, rounded vs unrounded (lips)
Stops
Plosive, sound stops, oral cavity closed and air bursts, close / open movement is fast. Velopharynx is closed (velum raised) b,p,t,d,k,g
Fricatives
Articulators form narrow constriction in which airflow is channeled. Pressure builds, air passes though constriction and turbulant noise is generated. velpharnyx closed. F,V,S,Z,"th", "sh", "zh"
Liquids
Sound energy is directed through oral cavity and can be held for sustained production. VP almost always closed. L,r
Affricates
Combination of a stop and fricative.
Oral cavity is completely closed at some point for an interval. release of closure=audible burst of air.
air passes though a narrow constriction, turbulant noise. VP is closed.
Physical Placement of Consonants
Bilabial (B), Labiodental (F), Interdental (th), Alveolar (T), Palatal (R), Velar (K), Glottal (H)
Cognates
Consonant pairs that share the same place and manner, but differ in voicing feature (voiced / voiceless)
Most Frequent Consonant Place of Articulation
Alveolar Ridge, then bilabial, velar, palatal, labiodental, linguidental, and glottal
Worldly Consonants
trills (pulmonic-egressive air stream) or clicks (nonpulmonic voiced plosive) are from other places.
Complimentary distrubution
2 allophones of phoneme that cannot normally replace eachother-mutually exlcusive contexts. (spin vs p(h)in)/lip vs slip, the dark vs light L)