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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Consonant?
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• Speech sound produced with some obstruction of the airstream through vocal tract
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T/F Sonorants can only be voiced.
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true
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How do we distinguish consonants?
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manner
place voicing |
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What’s differend?
/t/ /d/ |
voicing
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What’s differend?
/g/ /h/ |
manner
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What's different?
/z/ /∫/ |
voicing and place of articulation (both fricatives)
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Sonorant consonants include
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•Nasal stop, liquid, glide
•Vocal cords-primary sound source •Voiced only •Wider constriction |
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when two sounds cannot distinguish meanings, they are:
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allophones
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3 systems of speech production
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•respiratory (initiation)
•laryngeal (phonation) •supralaryngeal (articulation) |
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T/F Voicing is produced in the pharynx.
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FALSE
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T/F All following words end with a closed syllable: tough, moon, giraffe, bake.
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true
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Most English sounds are made with ingressive pulmonic airflow.
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false
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In producing voiced sounds, the vocal folds are adducted
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true
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What is phonetics?
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•Study of physical properties associated with perception and production of speech sounds
•Study of how each sounds differs from all others •Study of how sounds differ in different circumstances |
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What is speech?
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•The oral expression of language
•A pattern of acoustic vibrations •A pattern of movements of speech organs that express language |
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What is VOT?
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• Moment at which voicing starts relative to the release of closure
o Can be prevoiced- negative o Voiced 0 o Voiceless unaspirated 0 o Voiceless aspirated-positive |
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Two sounds made with the same manner of articulation are called:
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Homotypic
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Two sounds with the same place of articulation
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Homorganic
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What is a phoneme?
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•Minimal unit of language capable of changing meaning
•Abstract mental representation of a speech sound |
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Phonetics and Phonology are subfields of linguistics.
Linguistics is |
• The systematic and objective study of language
o Descriptive (NOT prescriptive) |
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Obstruents
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•Oral stops, fricatives, affricates
•Complete or narrow constriction •Sound at point of constriction •Voiced or voiceless |
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Glottis
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• Initiation
• Phonation • Articulation |
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H
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• /h/ is produced as a voiceless version of the vowel it precedes
• *fricative noise through glottis • /h/ acts like a glide, in terms of word positions in which is may occur |
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cognates
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cognates: two sounds differ in voicing
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Typical VOTs for English
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• aspirated=40-60 msec VOT
• voiceless unaspirated= 0 msec VOT • voiced < 0 VOT |
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final stops
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duration of vowel is most important cue to voicing
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initial stops
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an important cue to voicing is VOT
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the most common place of articulation is the ?
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alveolar ridge
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The larynx can be involved in
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Initiation
Articulation Phonation |
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Nasals are always ?
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voiced
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Why does the glottal stop not have a cognate?
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•Glottal stops are always voiceless.
•Complete closure, so you cannot have vibrating VFs |
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What is a breath group?
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•Amount of speech produced on a single exhalation
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Fricatives, stops and affricates are
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obstruents
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Broad (phonemic) transcription:
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•Represents the phonemes of a language using a simple set of symbols
•Use /slashes/ •Important phonetics distinctions are represented in transcription, while unimportant transcriptions are ignored |
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Narrow (phonetic) transcription
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•Shows more phonetic detail by using more specific symbols and representing allophonic differences (with diacritics)
•Use [brackets] |
