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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
b |
voiced bilabial stop |
|
p |
voiceless bilabial stop |
|
m |
voiced bilabial nasal |
|
w |
voiced bilabial glide |
|
f |
voiceless labiodental fricative |
|
v |
voiced labiodental fricative |
|
θ |
"both" voiceless interdental fricative |
|
ð |
"the" voiced interdental fricative |
|
t |
voiceless alveolar stop |
|
d |
voiced alveolar fricative |
|
s |
voiceless alveolar fricative |
|
z |
voiced alveolar fricative |
|
n |
voiced alveolar nasal |
|
l |
voiced alveolar liquid |
|
ʃ |
"show" voiceless palatal fricative |
|
ʒ |
"measure" voiced palatal fricative |
|
tʃ |
"chew" voiceless palatal affricate |
|
dʒ |
"judge" voiced palatal affricate |
|
r |
voiced palatal liquid |
|
y |
voiced palatal glide |
|
k |
voiceless velar stopg |
|
g |
voiced velar stop |
|
ŋ |
"ing" voiced velar nasal |
|
h |
voiceless glottal fricative |
|
production of consonants |
vocal tract constrictions that modify breath stream coming from larynx -two articulators come together to modify the flow of air |
|
primary articulator of consonants |
the tongue |
|
sound source for vowels |
vocal folds (voicing) |
|
sonorants |
consonants with vowel like qualities, less constriction and voiced -nasals, glides, liquids |
|
sound source for some consonants is... |
turbulence |
|
obstruents |
formed by turbulence created at point of constriction in the oral cavity made by articulators (less vowel like) -stop, fricative, affricate -resonance occurs in the portion of vocal tract anterior to constriction |
|
second sound source for consonants |
for voiced obstruents, the vibrating vocal folds create a second sound source |
|
frequency of vowels |
low freq, relatively low pitch (sonorants are characterized as low pitch as well) |
|
frequency of consonants |
high freq, relatively high pitch |
|
consonants must be paired with... |
a vowel. they do not have the ability to stand alone (generally found at end/beginning of sentence) |
|
prevocalic consonant |
consonant that comes before a vowel |
|
postvocalic consonant |
consonant that comes after a vowel |
|
intervocalic |
consonant that comes in between two vowels |
|
manner |
how consonants are produced (stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, glides, nasals) |
|
place of articulation |
where in the vocal tract is the constriction located for a specific consonant |
|
bilabial articulators |
upper and lower lips |
|
labiodental articulators |
lower lip and upper teeth |
|
dental articulators |
tongue apex and teeth |
|
alveolar articulators |
tongue apex and alveolar ridge |
|
palatal articulators |
blade of tongue and hard palate |
|
velar articulators |
back of tongue and velum |
|
glottal articulators |
vocal folds |
|
stops |
completely obstruct airstream once it enters oral cavity -most obstructed manner of creating a consonant -intraoral pressure increases then is released, causing a burst of air |
|
intraoral pressure |
air pressure within oral cavity |
|
aspiration |
occurs during production of voiceless stops, noise burst that follows release of the stop |
|
homorganic |
phonemes that share the same place of articulation |
|
cognates |
phonemes that differ by only one |
|
alveolar tap |
allophone of /t/ and /d/ -better, madder, stutter, huddle, matted |
|
glottal stop |
allophone of /t/ -generally occurs in the last syllable of words -Atlanta, hat |
|
nasals |
produced with velum lowered so air is let into nasal cavity |
|
fricatives |
produced by forcing breath stream throw a narrow channel/constriction in the vocal tract -turbulence |
|
sibilants |
alveolar and palatal fricatives (most intense) |
|
non sibilants |
less intense fricatives (interdentals, labiodentals and h) |
|
affricate |
combination of stop/fricatives -tongue tip touches palate and there is a release of intraoral pressure |
|
approximants |
glides/liquids |