Phonetics

Front 1

Morpheme

Back 1

Smallest unit of language that conveys meaning

Front 2

Phoneme

Back 2

Smallest unit of sound that conveys meaning

Front 3

Prevocalic/ onset

Back 3

consonants before vowel

Front 4

Postvocalic/ coda

Back 4

consonants after vowel

Front 5

vowel

Back 5

nucleus of syllable

Front 6

open syllable

Back 6

ends with vowel

Front 7

closed syllable

Back 7

ends with consonant

Front 8

SODA

Back 8

Substitutions, Omissions, distortions, additions

Front 9

Broad transcription

Back 9

//

Front 10

Narrow transcription

Back 10

[]

Front 11

grapheme

Back 11

written representation of phoneme

Front 12

Allophone

Back 12

phonemes that do not convey meaning

Front 13

singleton

Back 13

stand alone consonants

Front 14

consonant cluster

Back 14

paired consonants with own identity

Front 15

how many prevocalic consonants

Back 15

4

Front 16

how many postvocalic consonants

Back 16

3

Front 17

word positions

Back 17

initial, medial, final

Front 18

systems of speech production

Back 18

respiratory, laryngeal, supralaryngeal

Front 19

two phases of respiration

Back 19

inspiration, expiration

Front 20

breathing occurs due to changes in

Back 20

air pressure

Front 21

vibrations per second

Back 21

Hz

Front 22

sounds resonate in which 2 cavities

Back 22

oral, nasal

Front 23

articulation

Back 23

movements in speech muscles that modify air stream

Front 24

main moving structure in oral cavity

Back 24

tongue

Front 25

accounts for 50% of consonant contacts

Back 25

tip of tongue

Front 26

three articulatory structures

Back 26

lips, teeth, tongue

Front 27

raise velum for which sounds

Back 27

oral sounds

Front 28

two directions of air flow

Back 28

egressive, ingressive

Front 29

main muscles of respiration

Back 29

diaphragm

Front 30

glottal air stream used for which sounds

Back 30

stops

Front 31

who uses egressive velaric airstream

Back 31

laryngectimy

Front 32

lingua-dental

Back 32

when tongue touches teeth sound

Front 33

produced with unobstructed vocal tract + vocal fold vibration

Back 33

vowels

Front 34

air streams that are impeded. voiced or voiceless

Back 34

consonants

Front 35

phone

Back 35

one speech sound

Front 36

position of tongue body along vertical plane

Back 36

height

Front 37

3 tongue frontness

Back 37

front, mid, back

Front 38

3 lip roundings

Back 38

spread, neutral, round

Front 39

vowels with changing quality

Back 39

diphthongs

Front 40

vowels with one vowel quality

Back 40

pure vowels/ monophthongs

Front 41

pure vowel + schwar

Back 41

rhotic riphthong

Front 42

where point of constriction occurs

Back 42

place

Front 43

how airstream is shaped

Back 43

manner

Front 44

presence/ absence of laryngeal vibration

Back 44

voice

Front 45

no vibration of folds

Back 45

voiceless

Front 46

complete closure of vocal tract

Back 46

stop

Front 47

force airstream through narrow constriction causing turbulence and making friction

Back 47

fricative

Front 48

shift articulation place

Back 48

glide

Front 49

contrastive stress

Back 49

syllable with extra emphasis to prevent confusion

Front 50

languages differing in rhythmic quality

Back 50

stress-timed, syllable timed

Front 51

lexical stress

Back 51

change maning by altering stress

Front 52

loudness

Back 52

perception of the magnitude or strength of the sound

Front 53

new info, stress falls on

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noun

Front 54

old info, stress falls on

Back 54

verb

Front 55

paralinguistics include

Back 55

emotional state, speakings style, voice quality

Front 56

prosody divided into

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intonation, tempo, loudness

Front 57

context

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speech more intelligible if context is known

Front 58

stress perception related to 3 acoustical parameters

Back 58

duration, fundamental frequency, intensity

Front 59

Suprasegmentals divided into

Back 59

prosody, paralinguistics

Front 60

tempo includes

Back 60

pause, speaking rate, lengthening

Front 61

tone

Back 61

regulation of fundamental frequency to produce contrasts in meaning

Front 62

undershoot

Back 62

articulatory movements are reduced

Front 63

client factors when scoring

Back 63

age, dialect, physical/ personality characteristics

Front 64

3 scoring systems

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2-way, 5-way, transcription

Front 65

4 task factors

Back 65

intelligibility, successive judgements, linguistic context, response requirements

Front 66

successive judgements

Back 66

ability to determine right/ wrong after multiple attempts

Front 67

3 intonation patterns

Back 67

statement, question, exclamation

Front 68

2 components of the rhyme of syllable

Back 68

nucleus, coda

Front 69

considerations for age

Back 69

intelligibility, some errors are normal

Front 70

considerations for dialects

Back 70

accent reduction must be requested, some things are correct for client not clinician

Front 71

linguistic context

Back 71

number/ types linguistic units used

Front 72

conversational vs. clear speech

Back 72

clear- enunciate, more phonemes; conversational- relaxed, contractions

Front 73

client characteristics

Back 73

big mouth movements= intelligibility; emotional state, cleft pallates

Front 74

why keep recordings secret?

Back 74

needs to be natural speech, self-esteem

Front 75

assimilation

Back 75

larege changes that cross phoneme boundaries

Front 76

coarticulation

Back 76

small changes do not cross phoneme boundaries

Front 77

regressive

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influence a phoneme that proceeds it

Front 78

progressive

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influence phoneme that follows it

Front 79

accomodation

Back 79

because of surrounding sounds

Front 80

why listen to recording through once

Back 80

desensitize to loud sounds, omit biasing variables (voice characteristics)

Front 81

why headphones

Back 81

HIPAA, comfort

Front 82

live transcription

Back 82

online

Front 83

immediate vs. incomplete recognition

Back 83

immediate- know what they said, incomplete need to hear again

Front 84

3 assimilation factors

Back 84

direction, contiguity, degree

Front 85

vocalization

Back 85

liquid -> vowel

Front 86

deaffrication

Back 86

ch -> sh

Front 87

reduplication

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bottle -> baba

Front 88

final consonant deletion

Back 88

cat -> ca

Front 89

fronting

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cat -> tat

fish -> fis

Front 90

backing

Back 90

do -> go

Front 91

gliding

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lead -> wead

Front 92

prevocalic voicing

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pig -> big

Front 93

devoicing

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pig -> pik

Front 94

stridency deletion

Back 94

sea -> tea

Front 95

weak syllable deletion

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telephone -> tefon

Front 96

cluster reduction

Back 96

truck -> ruk