Phonetics

Front 1

p

Back 1

voiceless bilabial stop

Front 2

b

Back 2

voiced bilabial stop

Front 3

m

Back 3

voiced bilabial nasal

Front 4

w

Back 4

voiced bilabial approximant

Front 5

f

Back 5

voiceless labiodental fricative

Front 6

v

Back 6

voiced labiodental fricative

Front 7

θ

Back 7

voiceless dental fricative;
THrough, wraTH, THistle, eiTHer, teeTH

Front 8

ð

Back 8

voiced dental fricative;
THe, moTHer, THeir, eiTHer, teeTHe

Front 9

t

Back 9

voiceless alveolar stop

Front 10

d

Back 10

voiced alveloar stop

Front 11

s

Back 11

voiceless alveolar fricative

Front 12

z

Back 12

voiced alveolar fricative

Front 13

n

Back 13

voiced alveolar nasal

Front 14

l

Back 14

voiced alveolar lateral

Front 15

ɹ

Back 15

voiced alveolar approximant

Front 16

ʃ

Back 16

voiceless alveo-palatal fricative;
SHy, miSSion, naTIon, glaCIal, Sure

Front 17

ʒ

Back 17

voiced alveo-palatal fricative;
meaSure, viSion, aZure, caSualty, deciSIon

Front 18

tʃ

Back 18

voiceless alveo-palatal affricate;
CHoke, maTCH, feaTure, constiTuent

Front 19

dʒ

Back 19

voiced alveo-palatal affricate;
juDGe, GeorGe, Jell-o, reGion, resiDual

Front 20

j

Back 20

voiced palatal approximant;
You, bEAutiful, fEud, Use, Yell

Front 21

k

Back 21

voiceless velar stop

Front 22

g

Back 22

voiced velar stop

Front 23

ʔ

Back 23

voiceless glottal stop;
UH-oh

Front 24

h

Back 24

voiceless glottal fricative

Front 25

i

Back 25

high front tense unrounded;
bEAt, wE, belIEve, pEOple, monEY

Front 26

e

Back 26

mid front tense unrounded

Front 27

ɪ

Back 27

high front lax unrounded;
bIt, consIst, Injury, malIgnant, bUsiness

Front 28

ɛ

Back 28

mid central lax unrounded;
bEt, recEption, sAYs, gUEst

Front 29

æ

Back 29

low central lax unrounded;
bAt, lAUgh, Anger, comrAde, rAlly

Front 30

ə

Back 30

mid central lax unrounded;
Among, sofA, asiA

Front 31

ʌ

Back 31

mid central lax unrounded;
bUt, tOUgh, anOther, Oven

Front 32

ʊ

Back 32

high back lax rounded;
pUt, fOOt, bUtcher, cOUld, bOOgie-wOOgie

Front 33

u

Back 33

high back tense rounded;
bOOt, whO, sEWer, dUty, thrOUgh

Front 34

ɔ

Back 34

mid back lax rounded;
bOUght, cAUght, wrOng, stAlk, cOre

Front 35

o

Back 35

mid back tense rounded;
bOre, mOre

Front 36

a

Back 36

mid back tense rounded;
pOt, fAther, sErgeant, hOnor, hOspital

Front 37

aɪ

Back 37

diphthong;
bIte, stEIn, AIsle, chOIr, Island

Front 38

aʊ

Back 38

diphthong;
bOUt, brOWn, dOUbt, flOWer, lOUd

Front 39

ɔɪ

Back 39

diphthong;
bOY, dOIly, rejOIce, perestrOIka, annOY

Front 40

oʊ

Back 40

diphthong;
bOAt, bEAu, grOW, thOUgh, Over

Front 41

eɪ

Back 41

diphthong;
bAIt, rEIgn, grEAt, thEY, gAUge

Front 42

bilabial

Back 42

consonants made by bringing both lips closer together (b, p, m, w)

Front 43

labiodental

Back 43

consonants made by bringing both lips closer together (f, v)

Front 44

interdentals

Back 44

made with tip of tongue protruding between front teeth (THigh, THy)

Front 45

alveolar

Back 45

sounds made with tongue tip at or near alveolar ridge, the small ridge that protrudes just behind upper front teeth (t, d, s, z, n, l, ɹ)

Front 46

palatal

Back 46

sounds made a bit further back in mouth; sounds made with tongue near hard part of roof of the mouth (hard palate) (j)

Front 47

alveo-palatal

Back 47

made in area between alveolar ridge and hard palate (ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ)

Front 48

velar

Back 48

consonants produced at soft part of roof of the mouth behind hard palate (velum); sounds made with tongue near velum (k, g, ŋ)

Front 49

glottal

Back 49

sounds produced at larynx, space between vocal folds is glottis (ʔ, h)

Front 50

stops

Back 50

made by obstructing airstream completely in oral cavity (p, b, t, d, k, g, ʔ)

Front 51

fricative

Back 51

made by forming nearly complete obstruction of vocal tract; opening through which air escapes is very small and, as a result, turbulent noise is produced (f, v, θ, ð, ʒ, s, z)

Front 52

affricate

Back 52

made by briefly stopping airstream completely and then releasing articulators slightly so that frication noise is produced (tʃ, dʒ)

Front 53

nasal

Back 53

produced by lowering velum and thus opening nasal passage to vocal tract; when velum is raised against back of the throat (also called pharynx wall), no air can escape through nasal passage (m, n, ŋ)

Front 54

liquids

Back 54

involves substantial constriction of vocal tract, but constriction for liquids are not narrow enough to block vocal tract or cause turbulence; side air passage (l)

Front 55

glides

Back 55

made with slight closure of articulators, so that if vocal tract were any more open, result would be vowel sound (w, ɹ, j)