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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vocal ligament attachments
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from vocal process to inner front wall of thyroid cartilage.
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Muscular process holds
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lateral portion of vocal folds
and lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles |
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Ventricular ligament attaches to
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inner surface
of thyroid cartilages |
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Name ligaments attaching to arytenoid cartilages
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vocal ligament, ventricular ligament
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Epigolottis, hard to remember facts
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Attaches to inner
front surface of thyroid cartilage just beneath the thyroid notch and influences resonance |
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Hyoid parts
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corpus, greater horns, lesser horns
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Facts about the hyoid bone
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Attaches to 9 pairs of muscles
• Relates it to tongue, pharynx, temporal bone, mandible, scapula, larynx, sternum. • It is very mobile. • Does not connect to any other bone in body. • Forms a base for the tongue. |
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What kind of motions does the cricoarytenoid joint capable of?
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Saddle joint which permits rocking motion and limited
amount of gliding motion. |
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What shape is cricoarytenoid jont?
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Convex
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What shape is arytenoid articular facet?
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Concave
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Tell what you know about Posterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament
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• Extends from posterior surface of the cricoid lamina to
the base of the posterior surface of the arytenoid. • Restricts the extent of forward movement. |
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Tell what you know about Anterior Cricoarytenoid Ligament
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• Attaches at anterior base.
• Often absent. • May limit backward movement of larynx. |
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Talk about cricothyroid joint
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• Articular facets on cricoid cartilage may be almost flat,
concave, or convex. • Articular facts on medial surface of inferior thyroid horns (cornu) usually lined with synovial membrane. • Joined together and enclosed by posterior, lateral and anterior ceratocricoid ligaments. • Allows limited rotation. |
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Name the three valves
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epiglottis
ventricular folds vocal folds |
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The three types of muscles in larynx are?
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tensor, adductor and abductor
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List facts about intrisic muscles
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Regulate valvular action of laryngeal cavities.
• They are tensor, adductor and abductor muscles. • Situated on or within cartilaginous skeleton. • Form walls inside and partially outside larynx. |
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Tell about CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE
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2 sections: vertical and oblique.
• Pull cricoid backward and upward and thyroid downward. • Increase length of vocal folds. • Innervated by 10th cranial nerve. Insult to nerve supply to one of the two muscles--oblique portion won’t pull cricoid posteriorly. • Unilateral vocal fold paralysis. |
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Tell about THYROARYTENOID MUSCLE
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Runs parallel to glottis.
• Primary mass of vocal folds. • Made up of 2 parts: Ventricularis (external thyroarytenoid) Vocalis (internal thyroarytenoid |
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Name the tensor muscles
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cricothyroid muscle, thyroarytenoid muscle, volcalis, ventricularis, thyroepiglottic muscle
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List facts about ventricularis.
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• A larger segment of thryoarytenoid muscle consisting of muscle
fibers within ventricular fold (wall of laryngeal ventricle). • Origin--lateral border of arytenoid cartilage • Insertion--lateral margin of epiglottis • Action--affects ventricular folds |
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Vocalis and ventricularis are what kind of muscles?
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Thyroarytenoid muscles.
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Tell facts about vocalis
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• Portion where internal central fibers run alongside vocal
ligament. • Origin--vocal processes • Insertion--medial inside border of thyroid cartilage (called macula flava anterior) • There is a five layer structure of the vocal fold. |
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What are five layers of vocal fold?
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• Epithelium--mucosa and squamous epithelial tissue
• Lamina propria--superficial layer (extracellular gelatin matrix) intermediate layer (elastin) deep layer (collagen fibers) • Vocalis muscle |
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What are three sections of vocal fold?
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• Cover--Epithelium and superficial layer of lamina propria
• Transition--intermediate and deep layers of lamina propria • Body--Vocalis muscle |
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Tell facts about thyroepligottis muscles
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Muscle fibers run from thyroid cartilage upward invertical
direction and ending in aryepiglottic fold • Serve as sphincter muscles of aditus • Involved in closing entrance of larynx in swallowing • Attach to deep surfaces of lamina of thyroid cartilage above attachment of thyroarytenoid muscle • Attach to epiglottis--widens inlet into larynx |
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Name the adductor muscles
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lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, transverse arytenoid muscle, oblique arytenoid muscle
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Tell the differences between the two arytenoid muscles, oblique and transverse
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Oblique is X chap from the apex of one arytenoid to the base of the other. Transverse is horizontal around both arytenoids.
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Which muscle is the abductor muscles
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posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.
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Tell facts about LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE
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• Arise from lateral borders of cricoid cartilage and insert into
muscular processes at outside corners of each arytenoid cartilage. • They adduct the arytenoids and also squeeze the anterior tips of the vocal processes tightly together. |
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Tell facts about TRANSVERSE ARYTENOID MUSCLE
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• Arise from lateral borders of cricoid cartilage and insert into
muscular processes at outside corners of each arytenoid cartilage. • They adduct the arytenoids and also squeeze the anterior tips of the vocal processes tightly together. |
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Tell facts about OBLIQUE ARYTENOID MUSCLE
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• Extend from the muscular process of one arytenoid to the apex
of the other. • Action is to pull the upper tips of the arytenoids together. |
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Tel facts about POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE
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• Arise from the back wall of cricoid cartilage.
• Insert into muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages. • They are the major muscles responsible for rocking and gliding the arytenoids apart. • They are the major muscles that abduct the vocal folds. |
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What are Extrinsic Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
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Group of ligaments and membranes that
connect laryngeal cartilages to other structures. |
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Name extrinsic membranes and ligaments.
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hyothyroid membrane and ligament,hyoepliglottic ligament, cricotracheal membrane,
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Give some facts about hyothyroid membrane.
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• Fills space between hyoid bone and superior border of thyroid
cartilage. • Membrane thickens medially and is known as middle hyothyroid ligament. • Membrane also thickens at lateral borders between superior horns of thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone and is know as lateral hyothyroid ligaments. • Triticial cartilage embedded in lateral hyothyroid ligament. |
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HYOEPIGLOTTIC LIGAMENT is
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Unpaired, midline ligament extending from anterior surface of epiglottis.
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CRICOTRACHEAL MEMBRANE
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Connects lower border of cricoid cartilage with upper border of
first tracheal ring. |
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What are Intrinsic Laryngeal Membranes & Ligaments
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• Interconnect various laryngeal cartilages and
help regulate direction and degree of their movements. • Made up of one sheet of connective tissue (elastic membrane). • Continuous sheet that lines the entire larynx (except at vocal & ventricular ligaments). • Lower portion called conus elasticus or cricovocal membrane. • Upper portion called quadrangular membrane. |
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Give facts about conus elasticus
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• Connects thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages with one
another. • Divided into a medial (or anterior) cricothyroid ligament and two lateral cricothyroid membranes. |
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Tell about CONUS ELASTICUS:
Medial Cricothyroid Ligament |
• Band of yellow elastic tissue.
• Runs from midline of superior border of cricoid arch to inferior border of thyroid cartilage. |
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Tell about CONUS ELASTICUS:
Lateral Cricothyroid Membranes |
• Much thinner ligament at midline.
• Originate from superior border of cricoid cartilage and go to and become the vocal ligaments. • Run from vocal processes of arytenoids to angle of thyroid cartilage. • So, the conus elasticus extends from superior border of the arch and lamina of cricoid cartilage to the upper limits of the vocal folds (vocal ligament). |
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Facts about QUADRANGULAR MEMBRANE
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• Paired.
• Arise from lateral margins of epiglottis and adjacent thyroid cartilage near the angle. • Attaches to the corniculate cartilages and medial surfaces of arytenoids. • Inferiorly the fibers thicken and become the ventricular ligament. |
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Facts about ARYEPIGLOTTIC FOLDS
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• Form at the superior margins of quadrangular membranes.
• Together, these membranes and ligaments completely seal off the spaces in the laryngeal structure and direct the airstream into the aditus and upward into the resonatory passageways. |
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What are Mucous Membranes of the Larynx
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• Laryngeal cavities are lined with mucous membrane from
trachea up. • The cells are columnar in shape and have cilia which beat towards the pharynx except at margins of vocal folds. • The ciliated tissue is replaced by squamous epithelial tissue at vocal folds. • Vocal fold tissue is multi-layered and tightly bound. • White because of lack of vascular supply. • Ventricular folds are pink and plump. • Made of thick folds of mucous membrane. |
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Tell me what the divisions of the laryngeal cavity are.
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LARYNGEAL VESTIBULE, LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE, and INFERIOR LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE
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Give facts about the LARYNGEAL VESTIBULE
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• Area in larynx above ventricular folds.
• Opening called aditus. • Anterior wall--epiglottis • Lateral walls--aryepiglottic folds • Posterior wall--upper parts of arytenoid cartilages • Inferior limits--ventricular folds |
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Give facts about LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE
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• Space between vocal folds and ventricular folds.
• Above: ventricular folds • Below: vocal folds • Lateral: inner wall of thyroarytenoid muscle • Posterior: arytenoid • Anterior: none |
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Give facts about INFERIOR LARYNGEAL VENTRICLE
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• Portion below the true folds to the trachea.
• Lateral and posterior walls are cricoid cartilage. • Anterior wall is cricothyroid ligament |
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Name the sphincters of the larynx.
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ARYEPIGLOTTIC SPHINCTER, VENTRICULAR SPHINCTER, TRUE VOCAL FOLD SPHINCTER
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Give facts about ARYEPIGLOTTIC SPHINCTER
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• Muscle fibers embedded in aryepiglottic fold surrounding pear
shaped opening (aditus) into laryngeal cavity. • First line of defense against foreign objects. • Closes during swallowing and vomiting--preventing entry of food, liquid or vomitus into respiratory tract. • Opening is called upper sphincter of larynx. |
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Give facts about VENTRICULAR SPHINCTER
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• Lies between laryngeal vestibule and ventricle.
• During normal phonation, ventricular folds remain in quiet, open position. • When the ventricular muscles contract, they meet at midline, sealing or closing the sphincter. • True vocal folds will always adduct first, however. • Increases subglottic pressure by adding another “door” to keep air in lungs and foreign objects out. |
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Give facts about TRUE VOCAL FOLD SPHINCTER
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• Third door of closure.
• Not effective in preventing outflow of air during effort closure. • Third line of defense in keeping foreign objects our of lungs. • May close independently of other two sphincters. • All three sphincters close during swallowing. |
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What are the two categories of the Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx
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elevators and depressors
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What are the two categories of elevators?
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PRINCIPLE
and SUPPLEMENTAL elevators. |
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Tell about Principal elevators
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• 4 pairs
• Between skull and/or mandible--hyoid bone • Raise hyoid bone which raises larynx • Swallow and feel it |
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Name the principle elevators
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digastricus, mylohyoideus, geniohyoideus, stylohyoideus
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What are the supplemental elevators?
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thyrohyoideus, hyoglossis, genioglossis
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Tell facts about digastricus.
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• Third door of closure.
• Not effective in preventing outflow of air during effort closure. • Third line of defense in keeping foreign objects our of lungs. • May close independently of other two sphincters. • All three sphincters close during swallowing. |
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Tell about mylohyoideus.
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• Makes up floor of oral cavity.
• Mylohyoid raphe is tendonous strip at midline. • Connects the two muscles and supports tongue. • Innervated by V nerve. • Raises hyoid bone and tongue. . A strip of tendon that runs at the midline beneath the oral cavity, the mandible. It connects to the hyoid bone. |
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Tell about geniohyoideus.
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• Runs from inferior mental spine of mandible into upper 1/2 of
hyoid. • Elevates. • Pulls hyoid forward which pulls tongue forward This muscle runs from the inferior mental spine of the mandible into the upper 1/2 of the hyoid bone. |
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Tell about stylohyoideus
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• Located above and in front of posterior belly of digastric
muscle. • Pulls hyoid up and rearward This muscle is located above and in front of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle we talked about. When this muscle contracts, it pulls the hyoid bone up and rearward, |
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Tell about thyrohyoideus.
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• Inserts into greater horn of hyoid bone.
• Shortens distance between larynx and hyoid. |
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Tell about hyoglossis.
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• Regarded as muscle of the tongue.
• Runs from body and greater horn of hyoid up to tongue tip and other tongue muscles. • Aids in elevating larynx. |
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Tell about genioglossis.
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• Forms most of muscular core of tongue.
• Possibly helps to elevate hyoid bone. |
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What are the Depressors?
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• 3 muscles--all paired.
• Referred to as strap muscles of the neck. |
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Facts about STERNOTHYROIDEUS
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• Assists in producing high and low pitches.
• Helps to make fine adjustments to vocal folds. |
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Facts about STERNOHYOIDEUS
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• Same origin and course as sternothyroideus.
• Contracts to draw hyoid bone inferiorly which depresses larynx. |
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Facts about OMOHYOIDEUS
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• Pulls hyoid bone down upon contraction.
• Can also pull larynx backward. • Begins at border of scapula. • Passes behind sternocleidomastoid muscle, turns upward. • Attaches to lower border of hyoid. • All muscles work in conjunction with one another. |
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What is the suspensory system?
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• Suspends the larynx in the throat.
• Major ligament of principle suspensory system is STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT. • It suspends hyoid from base of skull. • Other ligamentous membranes connect hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage, thyroid cartilage to cricoid cartilage, and cricoid cartilage to upper tracheal ring. |