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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which tube should you fill last?
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Lavender
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What 3 pieces of information must an ID bracelet have?
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Full name, DOB, MRN number
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If a patient refuses a blood draw, you must?
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Don’t draw blood, Let nurse know, Document (nurse name, date, time)
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Where are the dorsal veins located?
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Top of hands
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What method of drawing is performed on the dorsal veins?
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Butterfly, Syringe
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If dispensing blood from a syringe to a vacutainer tube, you must use what to insert device into the top of the blood vial?
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Syringe transfer device
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What 2 sides of an infant’s foot should blood be drawn from?
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Medial and lateral plantar surface of heel
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List information is found on a requisition? Pg 258 box8-1
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Patient name, DOB, type of test, location of patient, billing, fasting, date of test, ordering physicians name
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What is the max time allowed for a health facility to half a unit of blood?
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3 days
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What does the acronym PKU stand for?
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Phenylketonuria
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What does PKU detect?
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Genetic disorder. Defect is enzyme that breaks down amino acid tyrosine
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How can you tell if you have entered a vein with a butterfly or syringe?
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You see a flash of blood
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Why do we anchor the veins?
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To keep vein from rolling
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Give 5 reasons for not getting blood, if needle is in the vein?
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Bevel against vein wall, needle to deep, needle to shallow, vein collapsed, loss of tube vacuum
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Why don’t we draw from a patient that is being transfused?
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Won’t be chemically their blood for 1 hour
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Name 3 types of needles?
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Multisample, hypodermic, winged infusion
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What is the procedure if a vein has collapsed?
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Troubleshoot (use smaller tube, palpate to get blood flow, untie tourniquet)
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Name 4 tests that are sensitive to providine-iodine? (hint: BURPP)
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Billiruben, Uric Acid, Phosphate, Potassium
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Name a test needed to be on ice?
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Ammonia, glucagon
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Name a test that’s needs to be protected from light?
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Billiruben, carotene, B12, vitamin C
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Name a test that needs to be kept warm
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Cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogen
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What does postprandial indicate?
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After meal
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What does acronym GTT stand for?
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Glucose Tolerance Test
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Why is a GTT test done?
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Is used to diagnose carbohydrate metabolic problems
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In a 6 hour GTT test, how many blood draws can be taken?
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8
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What does peak and tough indicate?
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Peak- maximum level of TDM (Take after 30 minutes)
Trough- Minimum level of TDM |
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What does the acronym BT stand for?
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Bleeding Time
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When is the BT accomplished?
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Done before surgery
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How is the BT accomplished?
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Pump BP cuff up to 40,(shave area if hairy) alcohol, puncture lancet with 3 different blades in it, using a stopwatch, every 30 seconds blot filter paper to incisions, use different area of filter paper, when filter paper no longer soaks up blood stop watch, document time it took to clot
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What does the acronym ABG stand for?
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Arterial Blood Gasses
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When is the ABG accomplished?
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To determine respiratory problems
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How is the ABG accomplished?
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Take from the artery using syringe, find best part of pulse, 45 angle, blood shoots up into syringe, tell patient to apply deep pressure, get air bubbles out, cap off needle, label, put in ice, deliver to lab stat before 30 minutes.
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Name 3 tests are accomplished with the ABG draw
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Ph, PCO2, PO2
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What do the acronyms EKG or ECG stand for?
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Electrocardiogram
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What part of the body is an EKG done on?
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Chest/ Heart
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What does an ECG test for?
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How the heart contracts and relaxes
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Who can order an emergency blood crossmatch?
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A doctor
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A unit of blood is food for how long?
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45 days
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If 2 boxes are checked on a blood typing request, what must you make sure of?
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That they don’t cancel each other out
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What is another name for blood typing besides ABO?
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Crossmatch, type and cross
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List the steps for drawing above IV line?
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Check other arm, ask RN to turn off IV, wait 5 minutes, draw 5 inches above, discard first tube, label, find nurse to turn on IV
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What lab does, all blood cultures go to?
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Microbiology
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What are 6 things you must remember about a B/C draw?
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War clerk fill out form, B/C come in sets, Patient is at most contagious stage, sterile procedure, don’t retouch site, PPE-mask and gloves, When use butterfly-air to air- Aerobic bottle fist, Label by site drawn, label number of set
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What is the procedure for a below IV line blood draw?
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Normal procedure, depends on facility
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For a GTT test how long does a patient have to get the drink down?
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5 minutes
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What is the name of the drink for the GTT test?
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Glu-cola
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You have to label and what each sample?
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Sign, Date, time, interval. Has patients full name, DOB, MRN
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What are the 6 patient instructions for the GTT test?
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No smoking, No gum, report if feeling sick or nauseous, Let know if vomit, no water unless really needed, con not leave facility, no food
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Always use what color tube for the GTT samples?
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Gray
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List 2 therapeutic reasons for taking blood?
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Polycythemia- Overproduction of RBC
Hemochromatosis- Excess iron deposits in tissues |
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What is a phlebotomist?
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Someone who draws and prepares blood
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Name 5 things well prepared phlebotomists must have?
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Gloves, gauge, tube holder, tube, gauze, antiseptic, tourniquet, bandage
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What does a phlebotomist do in a lab?
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Tests specimen, process and handles draw, restocks supplies
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Explain the importance of continuing education?
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To keep skills and knowledge up to date
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List 2 agency’s providing certifications?
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National Health career Association- Certified Phlebotomist Technician
American Certification Agency- Certified Phlebotomist Technician |
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List 3 various consents?
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HIV, Implied, Expressed
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List 3 legal aspects of phlebotomy?
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Getting consent, HIPPA, Negligence
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Name lab personal from top to bottom
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Laboratory director, Laboratory manager, Technical supervisor, Medical technologist, Medical laboratory technicians, clinical laboratory assistant, Phlebotomist, Laboratory information system, Quality assurance
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Name 5 major departments and their function
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Chemistry- study of chemical components of blood
Hematology-study of blood or blood forming diseases Coagulation- study of coagulation factors Serology- Study of serum Toxicology- study of toxins in the blood |
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Name 2 occupational hazards in the lab
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Needlestick, BBP
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How are blood borne pathogens acquired?
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Blood to blood- needle stick
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What is the best defense against BBP?
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Immunization (hep B)
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Name 2 preventive measures against BBP
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Sharps container, safety devices on needles
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Name 4 pathogens—microbes
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Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Viruses
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Noscomical infection is contracted how?
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In hospital-From contact with infected person
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Name the components that make up the chain of infection
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Infectious agent, reservoir, exit pathway, means of transmission, entry pathway, susceptible host
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What is the difference between indirect/ direct contact?
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Direct- Physical transfer; Kissing, touching
Indirect- When susceptible host touches contaminated objects. |
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What is the best way to prevent spread of infection?
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Hand washing (30 second)
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Name 4 PPE for a phlebotomist?
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Gown, mask, gloves, eye wear
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List the standard precautions for spills
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Contain, disinfect (10 minutes), very thick puncture resistance gloves, dispose in BIO hazard bag and sharps container
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Name 2 types of isolation and there protective wear for each?
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Protective- Keep healthcare worker safe from patient; gown, mask, gloves
Reverse- Keep patient safe from others; gown, mask, gloves |
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Define what a local infection is?
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Restricted to certain of body
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Define what a systemic infection is?
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Toxic infection over entire body
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What test would you perform on a person with an elevated temp?
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Blood culture, CBC
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What is a communicable disease and how is it transmitted?
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Able to spread from person to person, transmitted by any mode
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Name 5 modes of transportation of infection and give an example?
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Airborne- Sneezing, coughing, talking
Direct- Kissing or touching Indirect- coughing, talking, sneezing Vector-Carried by insect, arthropod, animal Vehicle- contaminated food, water, drugs |
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How is an antiseptic applied?
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In concentric circles
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How long can a tourniquet be left on?
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No longer than 1 minute
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Which direction does a needle have to be in?
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In direction of the vein, bevel up
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The smaller the number on a needle the?
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Larger the gauge
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Explain the function of the arteries?
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Takes blood away from heart
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Explain the function of the vein?
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Takes blood to heart
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List the 4 varies blood type
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A,B,AB,O
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Define what a transfusion reaction is?
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Bad reaction between donor and recipient cells
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What is the importance of valves in the veins?
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To prevent backflow
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Define an anticoagulant?
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Substance that prevents coagulation factors
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Name 5 anti-coagulants and list the tube color?
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Sodium fluoride, potassium oxalate-Gray
Sodium heparin- Green Lithium heparin- Marble green Sodium citrate- Light blue ACD- Yellow EDTA- Lavender |
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What is the purpose of trixotropin gel?
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Physical barrier between cells and fluid portion of specimen when centrifuged
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List 3 tubes with the trixotropin gel in them
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Marble red, Gold, Marble green
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List the veins found in the antecubital fossa?
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Median cubital, basilic (pinky), cephalic (thumb)
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Define dermal puncture?
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Through the skin/ skin puncture (capillary)
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List 3 types of antiseptics
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70% isoproponal- before puncture
10% providine iodine- sterile Chlorhexidinegluconate- blood culture |
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What systems can you use a butterfly needle with?
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ETS and syringe
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How do you ID an inpatient?
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ID wrist band
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What happens when the patient has no ID?
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Can’t draw, tell nurse, document)
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How do you ID an outpatient?
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Verbal ID check, check ID band, Visual comparison of labels and ID band
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Why is it important to trace a vein or palpitate it?
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To determine size, depth, and direction
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What is the order for putting on and taking off PPE’s?
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On- Gown, mask, gloves
Off- gloves, mask, gown |
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What are 2 parts of a syringe?
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Barrel, plunger
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