Phlebotomy National Exam Study Guide

Front 1

what vaccination does OSHA require all health personnel to get?

Back 1

Hepatitis B vaccination

Front 2

pulmonary edema

Back 2

Fluid in the lungs

Front 3

How much blood can a person donate in one session?

Back 3

500ml

Front 4

Patients have the right to what?

Back 4

Under the Patients Bill of rights they can always have the option to decline medical treatment and know what tests are being performed on them

Front 5

What can you NOT give a patient?

Back 5

Results or a diagnosis

Front 6

Negligence is?

Back 6

Failure to give appropriate care!

Front 7

PPE stands for?

Back 7

Personal protective equipment

Front 8

Most important Standard Precaution

Back 8

Hand washing

Front 9

Needles should never be

Back 9

recapped

Front 10

Types of Hazards

Back 10

Biologic-infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections

Sharps- Needles, lancets, and broken glass causing blood borne pathogen exposure

Chemical-preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory

Fire or explosives- Bunsen burners, oxygen tanks

Physical-wet floors, heavy lifting

Allergic reaction-Latex

Front 11

In infection control who is the agent?

Back 11

Person

Front 12

in infection control WHAT is the portal?

Back 12

Needle

Front 13

In infection control WHAT can we control?

Back 13

Mode of transmission or exit of infection

Front 14

In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry

Back 14

Mucus membrane

Front 15

Five main types or mode of transmission

Back 15

Contact-direct or indirect(FOMITE)

Droplet-cold, flu, sneezing

Airborne- breathing in droplets from infected person in common area

vector borne- transmitted by an insect, mosquito, flea, tick

Front 16

Standards precautions do what?

Back 16

infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and control practices

Front 17

what do we assume of all patients?

Back 17

They are infected with pathogens

Front 18

What are barriers protection?

Back 18

Masks

Gloves

Face shields

Respirator

Gloves

Front 19

Order of removing PPE equipment?

Back 19

1. gloves

2. gown

3.Shield

Front 20

What do you do if blood splashes in the eye or mucous membrane?

Back 20

Flush with warm water( 15 minutes) Report immediately to supervisor!

Front 21

who cannot be identified in an incident report?

Back 21

a minor

Front 22

What phrase is best practice?

Back 22

"pleasant with the patient and professional with the poke"

Front 23

If a patient has an I.V> where do you draw blood?

Back 23

Downstream from the I.V.

Front 24

Double mastectomy patients should ONLY have blood drawn from where?

Back 24

Hands

Front 25

Left Mastectomy patients should have blood drawn from what side?

Back 25

Right side

Front 26

What is a Fistula?

Back 26

artificial connections of veins

Front 27

What is a Graft?

Back 27

artificial artery connection to vein

Front 28

Cephalic means what?

Back 28

head

Front 29

To prevent hematoma

Back 29

Prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until bleeding stops

Front 30

If the patients what is the first thing to do?

Back 30

GET the needle out of the arm

Front 31

Vasonagal Syncope is

Back 31

Fainting, dizziness before, during or after venipuncture

Front 32

Circulatory System Function

Back 32

To deliver oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. Transport cellular waste out of the body

Front 33

Circulatory exchange is done where?

Back 33

Capillary level

Front 34

All blood cells originate from

Back 34

stem cells in the bone marrow. Regenerates

every 120 days.

Front 35

Oxygen takes place in the

Back 35

Alveoli(sacs in the lungs)

Front 36

How long does it take for a full circulation?

Back 36

One minute

Front 37

The average person weighing 150 pounds has

Back 37

5-6 liters of blood in their system

Front 38

Blood is composed of

Back 38

7-9 percent of the total body weight

Front 39

Blood has how much plasma?

Back 39

55% plasma

Front 40

What is 45% of blood?

Back 40

REd blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Front 41

For obese patients what vein is used?

Back 41

Cephalic Vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from in an obese patient

Front 42

Most common complication in Phlebotomy

Back 42

Hematoma

Front 43

How long does your body take to regenerate RBC you lose during donation

Back 43

6 to 8 weeks if you donate the maximum of 500 mL

Front 44

Three layers of the heart are?

Back 44

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

Front 45

Endocardium

Back 45

the endothelial inner layer lining of the heart

Front 46

Myocardium

Back 46

the muscular middle layer. This is the contractile element of the heart

Front 47

Epicardium

Back 47

the fibrous outer layer of the heart. The coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart are found in this layer

Front 48

Blood vessels are

Back 48

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins, superior and inferior vena cava

Front 49

Erythrocytes

Back 49

Red blood cells( RBC)hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein

Front 50

Hemoglobin

Back 50

enters the blood as an immature reticulocyte where in one to two days, it matures into erythrocyte.

Front 51

How many RBS's per microliter

Back 51

4.2 to 6.2 million RBC's per microliter of blood.

Front 52

What is leukocytes function

Back 52

provides the body protection against infection.

Front 53

How many WBC's for adults per microliter?

Back 53

5,000 to 10,000

Front 54

Leukocytosis is?

Back 54

an increase in WBC's, is seen in the case of infection and leukemia.

Front 55

Leukopenia is what?

Back 55

a decrease in WBC's, is seen with viral infection or chemotherapy

Front 56

How many types of WBC's are in the blood

Back 56

Five

Front 57

A differential count does what?

Back 57

determines the percentage of each type

Front 58

Neutrophils are what?

Back 58

phagocytic cells, meaning, they engulf and digest bacteria. Their number increase in bacterial infection.

Front 59

Lymphocytes do what?

Back 59

their numbers increase in viral infection, they also play a role in immunity

Front 60

Monocytes do what?

Back 60

Increase in intracellular infections and

tuberculosis

Front 61

Eosinophils do what?

Back 61

they are active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules.

Front 62

Basophils do what

Back 62

release histamine

Front 63

Thrombocytes are essential for what?

Back 63

blood coagulation

Front 64

Thrombocytes are also know as

Back 64

platelets are small irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in bone marrow

Front 65

collected blood clots, by normal coagulation process is

Back 65

30 minutes

Front 66

Common test for red tubes are

Back 66

Serum chemistry, Serology, Blood bank

Front 67

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) sample must be run within

Back 67

15 minutes of collection

Front 68

Arterial blood is used to determine

Back 68

blood gas levels and blood PH. Usually collected by a nurse or respiratory therapist

Front 69

Do you note if a patient has not fasted?

Back 69

YES!

Front 70

Light blue tubes are used to test

Back 70

coagulation determinations on plasma specimens.
Certain test require chilled specimens
Always fill to MAX fill line

Front 71

Blood coagulates with additive in

Back 71

30 minutes

Front 72

Mint green top tube has what additive

Back 72

PST - Plasma Separator tube

Front 73

Common tests for Green tubes are

Back 73

Ammonia
Carboxyhemoglobin ( HCg preg test)
STAT Lytes

Front 74

LYTES are

Back 74

electrolytes - potassium, sodium

Front 75

BMP Panel is

Back 75

Basic
Metobolic
Panel

Front 76

A Panel is

Back 76

A group of tests ordered together

Front 77

Sodium additive tubes test for

Back 77

Lithium

Front 78

CMP - chem 14 Tiger/Gold tube

Back 78

Comprehensive Metobolic Panel

Front 79

Pink top tubes are used for

Back 79

Blood banks / transfusion - for blood typing

Front 80

Lavendar top tubes are used for

Back 80

CBC = Complete Blood Count
CBCAN = Complete Blood Count Automatice Differential
CBCDN - Complete Blood Count Manual Differential

Front 81

ESR - Lavendar top tub

Back 81

Erythocyte Sedimentation Rate; Sickle Cell Screening

Front 82

Tubes must be filled

Back 82

at least two-thirds full

Front 83

What test is ALWAYS given before blood donation

Back 83

Hematocrit

Front 84

ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)

Back 84

Analyes arteial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate content in addition to blod PH
* used to determine the effectiveness or

respiration

Front 85

Aseptic

Back 85

The absence of microoganisms or by contrast, something that just discourages the growth of microoganisms is antiseptic

Front 86

Battery

Back 86

The basis of tort in this case the unprivileged touching of one person by another

Front 87

Informed Consent

Back 87

Patient gives consent for a procedure to be performed in full knowledge of the procedure and the risk it entails

Front 88

Bleeding Time

Back 88

A test done to ascertain platelet function

Front 89

A Plug is

Back 89

A special paper applied to a wound (small incision) in the forearm. The paper is applied and then timed to see how long it takes for platelets to form a "plug" and stop the bleeding

Front 90

Aspirin will affect

Back 90

bleeding time results

Front 91

Blood Clot

Back 91

The conversion of blood from a liquid form to solid through the process of coagulation

Front 92

an embolism is

Back 92

a clot that moves inside the vessel it is referred to as an embolus

Front 93

Blood borne infection

Back 93

an infection transmitted from blood to blood

Front 94

Butterfly

Back 94

a small needle with two plastic wings attached which are squeezed together to form a tab that is used to manipulate the needle. A long 6-12" plastic tubing is attached which again offers better manipulation. This assembly is then attached to a syrings or Vacutainer holder for the purpose of drawing a blood sample

Front 95

Coagulation Factors

Back 95

Group of plasma protein substances (Factor I-XIII) contained in the plasma which act together to bring about blood coagulation

Front 96

Complete Blood Count

Back 96

The number of RBC's (red blood cells), WBC's (white blood cells) and platelets (per cubic millimeter) that are present in the patient's sample of blood is determined.
Also included is the HEMOTACRIT (%), hemoglobin concentration (gm%) and the differential.
Most common test done on the blood

Front 97

Coumadin

Back 97

Trademark for the preparation of warfarin

sodium

Front 98

Cyanotic

Back 98

Bluish skin color due to lack of Oxygen

Front 99

Defamation of character

Back 99

Consists of injury to another person's reputation, name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) words.

Front 100

Differential

Back 100

A count made on a strained blood smear of the proportion of the different leukocytes (WBC's) and express as a percentate.
A differential is a normal part of a complete blood count (CBC)

Front 101

Ecchymosis

Back 101

The skin discoloration caused by a bruise

(contusion)

Front 102

Fibrin

Back 102

A protein formed during normal blood clotting tht is the essence of the clot

Front 103

Fibrinogen

Back 103

The protein form which fibrin is formed/generated in normal blood clotting

Front 104

Flash

Back 104

Relative to venipuncture, the appearance of a small amount of blood in the neck of a syringe or the tubing of a butterfly. This is a sign the the vein has been properly accessed.

Front 105

Fomite

Back 105

An inanimate object that transports

microorganisms

Front 106

Formed Elements

Back 106

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and platelets

Front 107

Gauge

Back 107

Needle Diameter is measured by gauge; the larger the needle diameter, the smaller the gauge.
For example, a very large diameter needle (16 ga) may be used to hemodialysis, whereas a much smaller needle (23 ga) would be used to draw blood for laboratory testing

Front 108

Germicide

Back 108

An agent that kills pathogenic microoganisms

Front 109

Good Samaritan Law

Back 109

This law deals with the rendering of first aid by health care professionals at the scene of an accident or sudden injury. It encourages health care professionals to provide medical care within the scope of their training without fear of being sued for negligence

Front 110

Glucose

Back 110

The sugar measured in the blood an urine specimens to determine the presences or absence of diabetes.

Glucose is the end product of carbohydrate metabolism and is the cheif source of energy for all living organisms

Front 111

Hemolyze

Back 111

The breakin of the RBC's (red blood cells) membrane releasing free hemoglobin into the cirulating blood. In phlebotomy, this is usually a result of mechanical damage due to poor technique

Front 112

Hyperglycemia

Back 112

Abnormally high blood sugar level

Front 113

Hypoglycemia

Back 113

Abnormally low blood sugar level

Front 114

Invasion of privacy

Back 114

This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission

Front 115

Lipemic

Back 115

After blood is spun and seperated in a centerfuge the serum/plasma portion is milky in apprearance. Hyperlipidema would cause the blood to be lipemic

Front 116

Lymphedema

Back 116

Lymphedema is a type of swelling wich occurs in lymphatic tissue when excess fluid collects in the arms or legs because the lymp nodes or vessels are blocked or removed. Regarding Phlebotomy, this can be a major complication of mastectomies

Front 117

Multi-Sample Adapter

Back 117

A device used with a butterfly and Vacutainer holder to allow for then withdrawl of multiple tubes of blood during a venipuncture

Front 118

Negligence

Back 118

This is the failure to exercise the standard of card that a resonable person would give under similar circumstances and someone suffers injury because fo another's failur to live up to a required duty of care

Front 119

Four elements of negligence

Back 119

1-Duty of care
2-Derelict: breah of duty if care
3-Direct cause: legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty of care
4-Damage: wrongful activity must have been caused the injury or harm that occurred

Front 120

Nosocomial

Back 120

Healthcare setting acquired infections

Front 121

Oncology

Back 121

The study and treatment of cancer

Front 122

Pathogenic

Back 122

Having the capability of producing disease

Front 123

Peripheral Blood

Back 123

Blood obtained from the circulation away from the heart, such as from the fingertip, heel pad and earlobe or from an antecubital vein

Front 124

Petechiae

Back 124

These are tiny non-raised red spots that appear on the skin from rupturing of the cappillaries due to the tourniquest being left on to long or to tight

Front 125

Pipette

Back 125

A glass or transparent plastic tube used to accurately measure small amounts of liquid

Front 126

Platelets

Back 126

Also known as a thrombocyte, this is a particulate component of the blodd, approximatley 2-4 microns in diameter and known for it's invlovement in blood coagulation.

This structure, which has no nucleus or DNA, is formed by breaking off from the cytoplasm of the parent cell, known as a megakaryocte in the bone marrow.

Under normal conditions, platelets will aggegate at the site of a break in vascular intergity, by forming the beginning stages of a clot.

Normal platelets counts rage from 150,000 - 450,000/cm3

Front 127

Septicemia

Back 127

This is systemic infection associated with the presence of pathogenic organism introduces during a venipuncture

Front 128

Tort

Back 128

Tort is a wrongful act that results in injury to one person by another

Front 129

Vacutainer

Back 129

Vacutainer is a federally and internationally registered trademark owned by BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) that is used in connection with a complete system of tubes, needles and needle holders, sharps collectors and safety devices in blood collection.
The Vacutainer evacuated tube, for example, automatically aspirates the correct aount of blood into a tube. It is used indtead of a syringe. Despite the fact that BD owns the Vacutainer trademark, the term has become so widley used to describe similar blood collection tubes and devices, that it has become a generically used term

Front 130

Warfarin Sodium

Back 130

The sodium salt of warfarin, one of the synthetic coumarin anticoaulants. Coumadin

Front 131

White Cell Count (WBC)

Back 131

The number of white blood cells (leukocytes) found in the peripheral blood and measure per cubic millimeter

Front 132

Whole Blood

Back 132

Blood from which none of the elements have been removed. It is usually referred to as blood, collected from a doner and anticoagulated for the purpose of blodd replenishment for a recipient