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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Creatine Kinase (CK)
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Common lab test used to determine heart damage.
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Neuron
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Nerve Cell
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Myocardium
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Involuntary muscle that makes up the wall of the heart.
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Alveoli
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Thin-walled air sacs in the lungs.
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Tendon
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Connects muscle to bone.
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Acetylcholine
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Chemical necessary for impulse to jump from one neuron to another (from axon to dendrite).
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Hemoglobin
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Pigment that gives red blood cells (rbc's) their color and is responsible for carrying oxygen (O2).
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Cold Agglutinins
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Blood test that diagnoses certain types of pneumonia; Must be kept at body temperature (37*C = 98.6*F).
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CSF
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Cerebral Spinal Fluid.
Fluid that cushions the spinal column. |
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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Responsible for the "fight or flight" response.
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Hematocrit (Hct)
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Percent of rbc's in the total blood volume.
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Principle Parts of a Neuron
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Cell Body
Axon Dendrites |
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Myelin
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Covering of the axon that protects and insulates the axon.
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Electrolytes
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Dissolved salts.
Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Chloride |
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Nasopharyngeal Culture
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Swab test of the upper pharynx. Tests for upper respiratory infection.
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MDR-TB
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Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. TB that is resistant to any drugs. Time from diagnosis to death is about 4 to 16 weeks.
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Voluntary
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Conscious contraction.
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Meninges
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Protective covering around the CNS.
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Capillaries
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Microscopic blood vessels.
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Bronchitis
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Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles.
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Asthma
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Causes the bronchioles to constrict.
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Pneumonia
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Can be viral or bacterial.
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Pleurisy
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Inflammation of the protective layer around the lungs.
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Tuberculosis
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Bacterial infection of the lungs.
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Hgb
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Hemoglobin
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Hct
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Hematocrit
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Erythrocytes
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Red Blood Cells
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Diaphragm
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Muscle that divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.
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Bronchioles
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Smaller branches of the bronchi in the lungs.
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Trachea
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Windpipe
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Larynx
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Voice box (vocal cords)
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Pharynx
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Divided into 3 sections:
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx |
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Nasopharynx
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Part attached to the nasal passages.
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Oropharynx
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Throat
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Laryngopharynx
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Part that connects to the larynx.
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Nose
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Warms, filters, and moistens the incoming air.
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Major Function of the Respiratory System
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Take in oxygen (O2) and expel carbon dioxide (CO2).
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Basilic Vein
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A vessel of the forearm that is acceptable for venipuncture.
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Cerebral Palsy
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Caused by an injury of the brain either before, during, or right after birth,
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Parkinson's Disease
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A progressive-degenerative disease characterized by tremors.
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CVA
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Cerebral Vascular Accident
(aka - stroke) |
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Synaptic Cleft
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Space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.
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Cholinesterase
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Chemical body makes to counteract the excess build up of Acetylcholine.
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Peripheral Nervous System
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All the nerves outside the CNS.
Made up of two parts: Sympathetic Parasympathetic |
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Parasympathetic
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Controls automatic responses in the body like heart rate and breathing.
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ALS
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
(aka - Lou Gerhrig's Disease) |
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Dendrites
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Pick up incoming impulses.
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Cell Body
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Interprets message.
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Axon
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Carries impulse away from cell body.
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Atrophy
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waste away
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Muscular Dystrophy
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Gradual weakening of the skeletal muscles.
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Myalgia
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Muscle pain
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Involves the destruction of the nerves.
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Tendinitis
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Inflammation of the tendons.
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3 Common Lab Tests to Determine Heart Damage
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Creatine Kinase (CK)
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Troponin T |
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Lactic Acid
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A by-product of muscle movement (metabolism).
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3 Classifications of the Muscular System
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Skeletal Muscles
Visceral or Smooth Muscles Cardiac Muscles |
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Skeletal Muscles
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Voluntary muscles (striated voluntary) attached to bones that allow us to move upon contraction.
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Visceral or Smooth Muscles
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(Non-striated, involuntary) Muscles that line the walls of the internal structures, such as the veins and arteries. Pushes blood back towards the heart.
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Cardiac Muscles
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(Involuntary) Make up the walls of the heart (aka myocardium).
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Muscle
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A bundle of specialized cells capable of contraction and relaxation to permit movement of the body itself and the organs within it.
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Ligament
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Connects bone to bone.
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Keratin
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Protein that waterproofs the skin, and hardens the hair and nails.
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CBC
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Complete Blood Count
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Antecubital
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Inside bend of the arm at the elbow.
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CNS
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Central Nervous System
Consists of: The brain & spinal cord |
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Melanin
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Provides skin color.
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Two Major Chemicals Stored in the Bone
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Calcium
Phosphorus |
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Hematopoiesis
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Blood cell formation.
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Uric Acid
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High levels cause gout.
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11 Major Organ Systems
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"MRS. NEIL CURD"
Muscular Skeletal Respiratory Nervous Endocrine Integumentary Lymphatic Cardiovascular Urinary Reproductive Digestive |
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Kidney
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Renin
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Testes
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Testosterone
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Ovaries
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Estrogen, Progesterone
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Thymus
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Thymosin, Thymopoietin
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Parathyroid Gland
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
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Thyroid Gland
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Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine
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Pineal Gland
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Melatonin
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Adrenal Cortex
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Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Gonadocorticoids
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Adrenal Medulla
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Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
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Posterior Pituitary
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), Oxytocin
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Anterior Pituitary
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Growth Hormone (GH), Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Prolactin (PRL), Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH), Lutenizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
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Pancreas
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Glucogon, Insulin
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hCG
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
(pregnancy test) |
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AFP
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Alpha Fetoprotien
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TSH
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
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PRL
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Prolactin
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HPV
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Human Papilloma Virus
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HSV
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Herpes Simplex Virus
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HIV
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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ACTH
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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T
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Thyroxine
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T
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Triiodothyronine
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ADH
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Antidiuretic Hormones
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UTI
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Urinary Tract Infection
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FSH
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone
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PTH
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Parathyroid Hormone
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GH
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Growth Hormone
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LH
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Lutenizing Hormone
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PAP
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Prostatic Acid Phosphotase
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MS-AFP
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Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotien
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O & P
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Ova & Parasite
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CA
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Cancer Antigen
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Ca
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Calcium
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MHA-TP
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Microhemagglutination - Treponemal Pallidum
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FTA-ABS
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Fluorescent Trepomenal Antibody by Absorption
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RPR
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Rapid Plasma Reagent
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PSA
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Prostatic Specific Antigen
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STS
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Serologic Test for Syphilis
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VDRL
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Venereal Disease Research Laboratory
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BUN
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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TV
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Total Volume
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C & S
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Culture & Sensitivity Test
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GI
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Gastrointestinal Tract
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Components of the Gastrointestinal Tract
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Mouth/teeth
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine |
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Essential Activities of Digestion
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Ingestion
Chemical Breakdown Mechanical Breakdown Propulsion Absorption Defecation |
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H. Pylori
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Bacteria that's responsible for ulcers.
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Tropic Hormone
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Regulates another endocrine gland.
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Digestive Function of the Liver
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Produces bile.
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Gall Bladder
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Stores and concentrates bile.
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Creatine
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Checks for damage of the heart.
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Creatinine Clearance Test
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Checks the kidney's ability to excrete creatinine.
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Hormone
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A chemical made by the body to regulate specific body functions.
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Occult Blood Test
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Checks for hidden blood in the stool. Used to test for colon cancer.
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Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA)
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Used to diagnose and monitor prostate cancer.
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Hormonal Stimulus
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Hormones that trigger the release of other hormones.
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Catecholamines
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Combination of epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin).
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Components of the Urinary System
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Kidneys
Ureter Urinary Bladder Urethra |
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Gonads
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Primary sex organs
Testes - Male Ovaries - Female |
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Humoral Stimulus
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Changing levels in the blood triggers release of hormones.
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Screening Tests for Syphilis
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1. Rapid Plasma Reagent (RPR)
2. Serologic Test for Syphilis (STS) 3. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) |
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Confirmation Tests for Syphilis
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1. Microhemagglutination - Treponema Pallidum (MHA-TP)
2. Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody by Absorption (FTA-ABS) |
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Neural Stimulus
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Nervous system triggers release of hormones (adrenalin).
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Hormones of the Pancreas
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Glucogon (raises blood sugar)
Insulin (lowers blood sugar) |
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Small Intestines
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Body's major digestive organ where absorption of nutrients takes place.
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Large Intestine
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Main task is to reabsorb water. Also excretes waste.
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Vital Accessory Organs
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Salivary Glands
Pancreas Liver Gall bladder Appendix |
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Main Function of the Urinary System
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To form and excrete urine. Eliminates toxins.
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Kidneys
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Filter blood. Controls composition and volume of blood. Regulates the body's salt.
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Ureter
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Tube leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
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Urinary Bladder
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Storage tank.
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Urethra
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Tube leading from the bladder to the outside. Surrounded by a type of skeletal muscle called a "sphincter."
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Yellow-Top Tube (1)
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Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate (SPS)
Blood Cultures |
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Light Blue-Top Tube
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Sodium Citrate
Coagulation Testing |
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Black-Top Tube
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Sodium Citrate (or saline)
ESR Testing |
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Red-Top Tube
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No Additive (or clot activator)
Any serum testing. Preferred for TDM. |
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Royal Blue-Top Tube (1)
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No Additive
Heavy Metals Testing |
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Red/Grey-Top Tube
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Clot Activator/Separator Gel
Most Serum Testing |
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Gold-Top Tube
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Clot Activator/Separator Gel
Most Serum Testing |
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Green-Top Tube
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Heparin
Some Chemistry Testing |
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Royal Blue-Top Tube (2)
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Heparin
Heavy Metals (Whole Blood) Testing |
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Tan-Top Tube
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Heparin
Lead (Whole Blood) Testing |
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Light Green-Top Tube
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Heparin/Separator Gel
When Heparinized Plasma is Needed. |
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Lavender-Top Tube
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EthyleneDiamineTetraAcetic Acid (EDTA)
Most Hematology Studies, Many others requiring EDTA whole blood. |
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Pink-Top Tube
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EDTA
Blood Bank Studies (Whole Blood) |
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Royal Blue-Top Tube (3)
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EDTA
Heavy Metals (whole blood) Testing |
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White-Top Tube
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EDTA/Separator Gel
When only EDTA plasma is needed. |
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Gray-Top Tube
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Potassium Oxalate/Sodium Fluoride
Blood Alcohol, Plasma Glucose |
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Yellow-Top Tube (2)
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Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD)
Tissue Typing/DNA Studies |
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Order Of The Draw
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1. Blood Culture Tubes/Vials (Yellow)
2. Coagulation Tubes (Sodium Citrate) [Light Blue] 3. Serum Tubes (Red) 4. Heparin Tubes (Green) 5. EDTA Tubes (Purple) 6. Glycolytic Inhibition Tubes (Gray) |
