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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three types of Skepticism? |
*Common sense *Philosophical *Absolute |
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What type of Skeptic was Pyrrho? |
Absolute Skeptic |
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What is Absolute Skepticism? |
Type of skepticism that denies everything. |
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What is Philosophical Skepticism? |
Skepticism that denies everything except cherished (usually religious) beliefs. |
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Who is Pyrrho claimed to be related to? |
Socrates |
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Who created the 10 modes of doubt? |
Pyrrho |
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What does Pyrrho think about reality? |
Nothing is certain, everything is relative |
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What is Ataraxia and what Skeptic Philosopher embraces it? |
Ataraxia is peace of mind by suspending judgment about reality because the world is only what it appears to be. Pyrrho |
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What are the three criticism of Absolute Skepticism? |
*Impractical *Impossible *Self-refuting |
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What does the self-refuting criticism towards Absolute Skepticism claim? |
That Absolute Skepticism is contradicting. |
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"All generalizations are false" is an example of what criticism? |
Self-refuting |
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What does the impractical criticism towards Absolute Skepticism claim? |
That the philosophers who make these claims are hypocrites. |
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What is Culture & Linguistic Relativism? |
The theory that the language you speak determines the way you see the world. Example: some cultures don't have a term for past or future. |
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What is Coherentism? |
The system of justified beliefs through experience and reasoning where nothing is concrete and everything is subject to revision. |
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What is the difference between Coherentism and Foundationalism? |
In Foundationalism there is on primary unchangeable belief to |
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What philosopher said "Truth is what my peers will let me get away with."? |
Rorty |
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What is Rationalism? |
The state of thinking which states some things can just be learned through reason without experience. |
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True or False: Rationalist do not believe in innate/inborn ideas or abilities. |
False, Rationalist endorse the theory of innate ideas. |
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What are Plato's three major Rationalism themes? |
1. Preexistence 2. Bodily Hindrances of Knowledge 3. Knowledge of Recollection |
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True or False: Plato believes in reincarnation. |
True |
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What does Plato's first major theme, Preexistence of the Soul, claim? |
Our would live in the forms, and we are born again (reincarnated) if we haven't achieved "enlightenment" |
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What does Plato's second major rationalist theme, Bodily Hindrances to Knowledge, claim? |
When we are reincarnated we forget what we learned in our prior life. |
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What does Plato's third major rationalist theme, Knowledge as Recollection, claim? |
When we are learning thing's it is just remembering what we learned from our past life. |
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What were Descartes Geometrical Method? |
Intuition and Deduction |
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What philosopher believed that we learned language via "language acquisition devices" in our brain |
Noam Chomsky |
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Noam Chomsky is what type of philosopher? |
Modern Rationalist |
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What are the two Primary Differences between humans and apes? |
*Teaching ( Apes don't teach each other) * Impulse Control (Apes don't have control) |
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What is Empiricism? |
The state of thinking that states all knowledge is learned through experience. |
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What does tabula rosa mean? |
Blank Slate |
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True or False: Aristotle is a modern Empiricist. |
False, Aristotle is a classical Empiricist |
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True or False: John Locke is a Modern Empiricist. |
True |
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What was Locke reason for rejecting innate ideas? |
Because children and mental disabled don't have the same knowledge as normal functioning adults. |
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What are Locke's two types of Ideas? |
1. Simple (Sensation and Reflection) 2.Complex (Ideas constructed from Simple Ideas) (Simple = experience and thought; Complex = abstract thought, association, etc.) |
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John Locke assumes representative perception, which means? |
Locke believes that what we see is what the world really is. |
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What is Locke's stand point on reality? |
Perception is reality. |
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Hume is what type of Empiricist? |
A Radical Empiricist |
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What does Hume's phenomalism state? |
"all we can know is the phenomena/appearances in our perceptions." |
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What are the two bases of knowledge supported by Hume? |
1. Relations of Ideas (a priori) 2. Matter of Fact (a posteriori) |
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What does Hume's first base of knowledge, Relations of ideas state? |
Ideas of simple meanings and relations that do not pertain to reality are logically true. Example: all bachelors are unmarried men |
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what does Hume's second base of knowledge, Matters of Fact, state? |
Ideas that inform us about the world or reality can never be certain. Example: All swans are black (Black Swan discovery) |
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What is the problem of induction? |
The theory that there is no guarantee that future experiences will coincide with thing learned from past experiences. (Black Swan Discovery) |
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What is Kant's Copernican Revolution? |
The creation of Kant's new category of truth, mixing Hume's Relations of ideas (proiri) and Matters of Fact (A posteriori) into one called Synthetic A priori |
