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. 445-365 BCE, was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates. ***** first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent disciple of Socrates. He adopted and developed the ethical side of Socrates' teachings, advocating an ascetic life lived in accordance with virtue. Later writers regarded him as the founder of Cynic philosophy.
Antisthenes
a beggar who made his home in the streets of Athens, made a virtue of extreme poverty. He is said to have lived in a large tub, rather than a house, and to have walked through the streets carrying a lamp in the daytime, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He eventually settled in Corinth where he continued to pursue the Cynic ideal of self-sufficiency: a life which was natural and not dependent upon the luxuries of civilization. Believing that virtue was better revealed in action and not theory, his life was a relentless campaign to debunk the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt society.
Was known as the "dog"

370-324
Diogenes
were an ultra-hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BC,435-388 supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger. The school was so called after Cyrene, the birthplace of Aristippus. It was one of the earliest Socratic schools. The ***** taught that the only intrinsic good is pleasure, which meant not just the absence of pain, but positively enjoyable sensations. Of these, momentary pleasures, especially physical ones, are stronger than those of anticipation or memory. They did, however, recognize the value of social obligation, and that pleasure could be gained from altruism. The school died out within a century, and was replaced by the more sophisticated philosophy of Epicureanism.
The Cyrenaics
He followed Aristippus in considering pleasure the object of man's desire; but, the view which he took of human life was of the gloomiest character, and his practical inferences from the Cyrenaic principles were destructive alike to goodness and happiness.
Hegesias
Avoidance of Pain
Hegesias
. 435-c. 388 BCE), was the founder of the Cyrenaic school of Philosophy.[1] He was a pupil of Socrates, but adopted a very different philosophical outlook, teaching that the goal of life was to seek pleasure by adapting circumstances to oneself by maintaining proper control over both adversity and prosperity. Among his pupils was his daughter Arete
Aristippus
What did Aristole say plato problem was
Aristotle wants to catergorize everything. Aristotles theory of categories is the answer to Plato's theory forms. Plato would state that Aristotle would make a catergorical error.
3 stages of change
1. The Thing before it has changed.
2.The thing doesn't have that will cause
3. the Result or waht it turns into
asserts that Forms (or Ideas), and not the material world of change known to us through sensation, possess the highest and most fundamental kind of reality. The Forms are the only true objects of study that can provide us with genuine knowledge. [2] Plato spoke of forms (sometimes capitalized in translations: The Forms)[3] in formulating his solution to the problem of universals.
Theory of Forms
True knowledge is knowledge of the universal truths
Theory of Knowledge
True knowledge is knowledge of the universal truths
Theory of Knowledge
The Theory of Knowledge
What is our knowledge “about”? When we know something, what is our knowledge knowledge of? Plato supposes that there is a class of stable, permanent, and unchanging objects that warrant our knowledge claims.
Forms in the Theory Of Knowledge
Gnosis
Episteme
Eikasia
Pistas
What is "Gnosis"
Knowledge of absolute truth
What is "Episteme"
Knowledge of numbers
What is "Ekiasia"
Knowledge of Icons: sense Knowledge
What Is "Pistis"
Belief or opinion
Highest To lowest forms of knowledge
1. Gnosis
2. Episteme
3. Eikasia
4.Pistis
What is the the "Demiurge"
Presonification of the Realm of Forms: This a realm that took matter and formed our world. The demiurge is prefect only. The demiurge imposed order on choas of matter.
Two worlds: One : True, Perfect. This physical world : a poor imperfect copy of the Real
perfect world
Dualism
All learning is reminiscents
Plato
The view that the world consists of or is explicable as two fundamental entities, such as mind and matter.
Dualism
Edi
the " Idea"
According to Plato, the soul consists of three basic energies which animate human beings: Reason, Emotion, and Appetite. Reason is given the greatest value, while Emotion and especially Appetite are regarded as the “lower passions”. The soul that is ordered is governed by Reason, and therefore keeps one’s emotions and one’s appetites under control. The lower passions *must* submit to the dictates of ReasonPlato’s theory of the soul can be found in his major work, *The Republic*, where it is a response to the challenge of the Sophists as to why one ought to live morally.
Theory of the soul
Plato's ideal state was a republic with three categories of citizens: artisans, auxiliaries, and philosopher-kings, each of whom possessed distinct natures and capacities. Those proclivities, moreover, reflected a particular combination of elements within one's tripartite soul, composed of appetite, spirit, and reason. Artisans, for example, were dominated by their appetites or desires, and therefore destined to produce material goods. Auxiliaries, a class of guardians, were ruled by spirit in their souls and possessed the courage necessary to protect the state from invasion. Philosopher-kings, the leaders of the ideal state, had souls in which reason reigned over spirit and appetite, and as a result possessed the foresight and knowledge to rule wisely. In Plato's view, these rulers were not merely elite intellectuals, but moral leaders. In the just state, each class of citizen had a distinct duty to remain faithful to its determined nature and engage solely in its destined occupation. The proper management of one's soul would yield immediate happiness and well-being, and specific educational methods would cultivate this brand of spiritual and civic harmony.
Plato's: Ideal State
There is only one world attempt to classify all statements, corresponding to real catergories, thus to cla
rify the particulars the particulares of philosophical discussion
Response to Plantonic Idealism
Substances are unique in being independent things; the items in the other categories all depend somehow on substances. That is, qualities are the qualities of substances; quantities are the amounts and sizes that substances come in; relations are the way substances stand to one another. These various non-substances all owe their existence to substances — each of them, as Aristotle puts it, exists only ‘in’ a subject. That is, each non-substance “is in something, not as a part, and cannot exist separately from what it is in” (Cat. 1a25). Indeed, it becomes clear that substances are the subjects that these ontologically dependent non-substances are ‘in
Theory Of substance "aristotle
Telos
, "purpose", or "goal"
Theory of the uncaused cause , and Unmoved Mover . The logical implication from the theory of causility
"First Cause"
God, literally "God is all" -ism) is the view that everything is part of an all-encompassing immanent God
Pantheism
1. One to live in accord with Nature; worldly Nature and human nature.
2. The Unity of All; all gods; all substance; all virtue; all mankind into a Cosmopolis (Universal City).
3. That the external world is maintained by the natural interchange of opposites (poioun / yin, paskhon / yang)
4. That everyone has a personal, individual connection to the All; a god within.
5. That every soul has Free Will to act and that the action of the soul is opinion.
6. Simple Living through moderation and frugality.
7. That spiritual growth comes from seeking the good.
8. That Virtue is the sole good, Vice the sole evil, and everything else indifferent.
9. That the Cardinal Virtues are Prudence, Justice, Fortitude, and Temperance.
10. That the path to personal happiness and inner peace is through the extinguishing of all desire to have or to affect things beyond ones control and through living for the present without hope for or fear of the future; beyond the power of opinion.
11. The sequential reabsorption and recreation of the Universe by the Central Fire; the Conflagration.
Beliefs of stoicism
Doctrine of Universal Conflagration
Brought about by the stoics

The World will return to the fire in which it came. World construction & Destruction. The Universe stays the same but is an exact copy of the previous universe. The people and things they may happen, over and over with no end.
Distance yourself from feeling , accept what may happen with grace
Apatheia
You make no decision your life and everything is planned. No free will
Fate: Heimarmene
What Is the "Timaeus"
This explained plato's universe , the Demiurge was introduced in this work. Plato wrote this when he was 71