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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the first western philosophers?
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The Pre-Socratic Philosophers
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What did the presocratic philosophers search for?
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the source and substanced of all things
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What were the presocratic philosophers known as?
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Metaphysicians or natural philosophers
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What was the object of study of the presocratic philosophers?
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Nature and the cosmos. External reality was their focus rather than subjective internal reality.
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Where did the presocratic philosophers claim that all the answers could be found?
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In the universe
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Thales
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water-believes water is the condition for life becuase we all need it. (material)
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Anixemenes
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air-believed that air was prior to water because you can't live very long without it. (material)
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anaximander
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the infinite and the undetermined-believed that whatever it was, it could not be seen. (Ideal or material)
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pythagoras
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numbers-believed that numbers could be applied to anything becuase without numbers there is no shape. (ideal)
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parmenides
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permanent reality-whatever it is it is permanent and unchanging. (Ideal)
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Heraclitus
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changing reality-believes that things are constantly changing. We are not the same person we were 10 years ago. (Ideal)
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Empedocles
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changing and unchanging reality (Ideal)
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Anaxagoras
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mind-believes there is a universal mind. (Ideal)
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Atomists
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atoms and matter-believes there is an atomic structure to the universe and matter is the basis of all things. (material)
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What does metaphysics mean?
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The foundation of all foundations. Getting to the bottom of something. Meta means going beyond and physics means physical. Going beyond the physical.
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What is a metaphysician?
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A natural philosopher
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An idealist focus is on what?
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the mind, thought, and soul. They believe that the source of all things is something more infinite, something that cannot be touch.
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A materialist focuses on what?
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The material subject or physical items. Something you can touch.
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Who was a lover of wisdom?
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Socrates
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Whose teaching taught of us Socrates?
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Plato
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What is the dialectal method?
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Question and answer
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Who were the sophists?
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A group of teachers who focused on how to win an argument instead of truth and justice.
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In socrates opinion, what is the key to salvation?
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education
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Socrates is known as the physician of the what?
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Soul
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In socrates opinion evil was the result of what?
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lack of knowledge
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To know good is to what?
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To do good
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What does Socrates believe that death is?
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Either a dreamless sleep or a door leading to paradise
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What is Socrates legacy?
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freedom of conscience, speech, assembly, religion, and liberation of the mind.
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How long did Plato study under Socrates?
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20 years
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Who organized the first school academy in the West?
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Plato
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What is Plato's metaphysics of reality?
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Realm 1: the invisible, permanent, divine, perfect, and real.
Realm 2: the visible, changin, human, imperfect, and unreal. |
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What are Plato's Theory of Forms?
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Absolute justice, absolute good, absolute, beauty, absolute holiness
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Plato's theory of society includes 3 classes. What are they?
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Philosophers/kings, soldiers, workers. These 3 classes should never interfere with the other.
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What did Plato's curriculum emphasize?
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That people should do what they are good at. Specialize in your field to give the best service.
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For Plato, social harmony or justice is what?
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Everyone tending to his own business.
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What 4 experiences does Buddha witness in his life that change him forever?
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Sickness-, old age, death, and the monk
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What are the 4 noble truths that Buddha discovers?
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Life is suffering-no one can escape it. there is a cause for suffering-our attachment to things of this world. Suffering can be overcome-the answer lies within us. the eight fold path.
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What is the eightfold path?
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Right understanding, right purpose, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right meditation.
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Confucius belief was that we could save ourselves through what?
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a moral and value system
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What was Confucius' concept of the superior individual?
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Sensitivity/sympathy
love/goodness truth/honesty understanding transformation through education |
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Confucius believed that the best was to transmit values was by example in what type of relationships?
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Parent/child
Husband/wife Older sibling/younger sibling Ruler/citizen Teacher/student |
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Confucius did not practice a certain religion or faith but what?
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Anything that brought people closer together
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