Philosophy

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Intellectual virtue

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character traits that reflect a particular attitude towards one's own thinking, the thinking of others, and making sense of things in general. (it deposes a person to respond to points of view and intellectual task in a mindful, proactive manner.)

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Intellectual Humility

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A person who reflects this virtue is aware of and readily admits his or her ignorance, does not claim to know more than he or she actually knows, and remains open to the idea that he or she can learn from a variety of sources across a variety of contexts.

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Intellectual empathy

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A person who reflects this virtue is able to enter into different points of view so as to genuinely and accurately understand another's reasoning, ideas, way of making sense of things.

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Intellectual Perseverance

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A person who reflects this virtue is willing to work through complex, difficult challenging cognitive tasks. Such a person recognizes that understanding, knowledge, and authentic learning sometimes require a lot of time, focus, and mental energy.

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Someone who has never experienced racism may be inclined to dismiis the idea that it exist. Such a person reflects intellectual empathy when he or she tries to see what reasons others have for beleving racism refers to something real.

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Intellectual Empathy

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Intellectual Courage

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A person who reflects this virtue wills himself or herself to listen to or read about ideas perceived as threatening or harmful. Such a person is willing to listen to different ideas even when experiencing strong negative feelings such as fear or insecurity. Such a person is also willing to share his/her beliefs despite inner-or group-created fear about dangerous or harmful ideas or ways of thinking

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Sound Argument

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Valid argument with true premises

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the premise makes the conclusion highly probable

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inductive arguement

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Strong argument that actually does have true premises

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Cogent argument

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Inference is the best explanation

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a form of reasoning that tries to show that the theory is superior to all competitors and therefore the one most likely to be true

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deductive argument

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argument that claims that the conclusion necessarily follow from the premises

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Valid argument

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it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.

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invalid argument

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the truth of the conclusion fails to logically follow from the premises

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clarified argument

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the results we get when we make the essential features of an ordinary argument's logic transparent

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ordinary argument

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contain rhetorical elements and are nested in larger passages of written or spoken language

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Excess verbiage

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words or phrases that add nothing to the actual inference presented in an argument

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Tom regonizes he can always learn new things

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intellectual humility

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Listening to others express religious views may question one's values or identity. .

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Intellectual courage

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Doing a difficult math problem with lots of steps.

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Intellectual Perseverance

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Someone who uses his or her mental energies to figure out the answers despite the problem

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Intellectual Perseverance

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Intellectual Humility

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Aware of Ignorance & Aware of limited Knowledge

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Opposite of Intellectual Humilty

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Intellectual Arrogance

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Wills themselves to listen to ideas that oppose questions on his own way of thinking

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Intellectual Courage

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Intellectual Courage

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Wills themselves to work through any anxieties when presented with such opportunities to voice beliefs

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Dimension 1

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Being conscious of the need to face ideas towards one has strong negative feelings

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Dimension 2

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Being aware of the need to express one's own idea even if those ideas are in minority

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Someone who lacks intellectual courage may be accused of

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intellectual timidity(Vice)

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Cultivating both dimensions of intellectual courage may benefit you by

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feeling less treated by opposing views

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Recognizes that human thinking emerges from the conditions of life from very different contexts and situations

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Intellectual empathy

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intellectual empathy

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makes a good faith effort to acquire accurate knowledge of another's thinking

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Logic

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Evaluation of arguments

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metaphysics

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focuses on reality

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Epistemology

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Focuses on nature of knowledge

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Socratic method

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Questioning method /dialectic

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intellectual courage

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Controls whatever emotional impulses might otherwise cause him or her to tune out the other

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An ___ is an argument in which it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.

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valid argument

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___is the belief that we cannot have knowledge.

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Skepticism

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What is the study of methods for evaluating arguments and reasoning called?

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Logic

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The ___ were traveling educators who would offer practical courses for the payment of a fee

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Sophists

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According to Socrates, __ is the most deadly disease of the soul

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Ignorance

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studies the ultimate constituents of physical reality such as atoms, quarks, or neutrinos

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Metaphysics

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Fundamental questions about the nature and source of knowledge, the concept of truth, and the objectivity or relativity of our beliefs are the concern of the thoeory of knowledge

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Epistemology