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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Argument
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a collection of statements, in which at least one functions as a premise, and at least one functions as a conclusion.
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Statement/ Proposition
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that which is asserted and is either true or false
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Truth Value
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a statement is said to carry a truth value, it is either true or false
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Premise
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a statement in an argument that is said to give evidence for or support for another statement in the argument, called a conclusion
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conclusion
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a statement in an argument that is said to be derived or inferred from some other statement in the argument, called a premise
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Inference
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the process of thought by which one draws conclusions from premises.
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Deductive Argument
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the premises are intended to offer conclusive grounds for the truth of the conclusion and the conclusion does not go beyond the information contained in the premises
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Valid Argument
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a deductive argument where it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false.
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Sound Argument
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a valid deductive argument with true premises
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Inductive Argument
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the premises are intended to offer probable grounds for the truth of the conclusion and the conclusion goes beyond the information contained in the premises
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Cogent Argument
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a strong inductive argument with true premises
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Necessary
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a circumstance in whose absence a specified event can not occur
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Sufficient
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a circumstance in whose presence a specified event must occur
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Ambiguous
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- when a word or phrase has more than one meaning and the context in which it is being used does not make clear which meaning is intended.
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And
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- both.
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Or
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- one or the other or both, but not neither.
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If/Then
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- the antecedent is sufficient for the consequent.
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If and Only If
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- equivalence.
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Not the Case That
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- the opposite truth value.
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Some
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- at least one.
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Vague
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- although the meaning of the word or phrase is known, it is not clear if it can be applied in a given instance.
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