Philosophy

Front 1

Skeletal organ system
function
organs involved

Back 1

protects, supports body organs
bones and joints

Front 2

integumentary system
function
organs involved

Back 2

protects from external environment
skin, hair and nails

Front 3

muscular system
function
organs involved

Back 3

allows for movement, posture and heat
muscles that are voluntarily used

Front 4

nervous system
function
organs involved

Back 4

respond to internal and external changes
brain, nerves, spinal cord viscera

Front 5

endocrine system
function
organs involved

Back 5

produces hormones that regulate functions
pitutary and pineal glands, pancreas, thymus

Front 6

cardiovascular system
function
organs invoved

Back 6

transports O2,CO2, etc from tissues to blood
heart, arteries, veins

Front 7

lymphatic system
function
organs involved

Back 7

protects against disease
lymphatic vessels, spleen, lymph nodes

Front 8

respiratory system
function
organs involved

Back 8

oxygenating blood, removing CO2
nose, lungs, trachea

Front 9

digestive system
function
organs involved

Back 9

breaks down food so it can be absorbed
stomach, liver, large and small intestine

Front 10

unrinary system
function
organs involved

Back 10

eliminating Nitrogenous wastes from body
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Front 11

reproductive system
function
organs involved

Back 11

reproduction of offspring
male- tested, scrotum, penis etc
female- ovary, uterus, vagina

Front 12

Negative feedback

Back 12

imbalance in homeostasis. the effect and the reaction are in opposite directions. most common. body glucose levels FALL, so body releases insulin, levels RISE.

Front 13

Positive feedback

Back 13

imbalance of homeostatis. least common. the effect and result are in the same direction. contractioms

Front 14

serous membrane

Back 14

lines body cavity that does not open to exterior

Front 15

mucous membrane

Back 15

lines body cavity that does open to exterior

Front 16

4 tissue types

Back 16

epithelial
connective
nervous
muscle

Front 17

3 types of cell junction

Back 17

desmosomes
tight junction
gap junction

Front 18

5 characteristics of epithelial cells

Back 18

1. avascular
2. cellularity
3. special contacts
4. polarity
5. innervated

Front 19

function of epithelial cells

Back 19

protection, secretion, absorbtion

Front 20

classification of epithelial cells

Back 20

1. simple squamos
2. simple cuboidal
3. simple columnar
4. stratified squamos
5. transitional

Front 21

simple squamos

Back 21

found in areas that do not need protection. thin lair that allows for rapid diffusion.

Front 22

pseudostratified columnar

Back 22

prime tissue of respiratory tract (cilia)
contains goblet cells.
main function is secretion

Front 23

2 types of glands

Back 23

endocrine glands- secretions are directly into blood stream. mainly hormoes
exocrine- secretions put through a duct.

Front 24

heterocrine

Back 24

pancreas, has exocrine and endocrine functions

Front 25

merocrine secretion

Back 25

products are secreted by exocytosis. (Pancreas, salivary, sweat)

Front 26

holocrine system

Back 26

sebatious glands (oil). products in cell continue to accumulate until cell ruptures

Front 27

apocrine

Back 27

cell that produces secretory product, it rises to the apical surface where the top is sloughed off, releasing the content. (mammory gland)

Front 28

mesenchyme

Back 28

embryonic tissue that all connective tissue arises from

Front 29

characteristics of connective tissue

Back 29

has specialized cells (-cytes)
and Maxtrix, groud substance and fibers.

Front 30

stroma

Back 30

structural support components of an organ, even though it has no role in function

Front 31

areolar characteristics

Back 31

not very dense
highly vascularized, highly elastic

Front 32

adipose characteristics

Back 32

sparse matrix
richly vascularized, develops where areolar is plentiful
shock absorbe and insulation

Front 33

reticular characteristics

Back 33

resembles areolar but more fibers int he matrix. forms a network where fibroblasts lie.

Front 34

Dense regular connective tissue

Back 34

closely packed bundles of collegen fibers running in the same direction. allows tissue to stretch to an extent (ligaments, tendons)

Front 35

dense irregular connective tissue

Back 35

collegan fibers are thicker then dense regular and arranged irregularly. found where tension is in more than one direction

Front 36

cartilage

Back 36

stand to tension and compression. lacks nerve fibers and avascular. nutriets are from diffusion. fluid matrix allows it to rebound after compression,

Front 37

chondroblasts

Back 37

predominate cell type of growing tissue

Front 38

hyaline cartilage

Back 38

most abundant
large number of collagen
fibers
covers ends of long bones

Front 39

elastic cartilage

Back 39

nearly identical to hyaline but more elastic fibers. found where strength and stretchability are needed

Front 40

fibrocartilage

Back 40

found where hyaline cartilage meets a true ligament or tendon. compressible and resists tension well. gives strong support.

Front 41

osseous tissue

Back 41

supports and protects. provides cavity for fat storage, RBS production

Front 42

blood

Back 42

atypical connective tissue. has fibers that are dissolved.

Front 43

3 types of membranes

Back 43

cutaneous- skin
mucous- lines body cavity that open to exterior
serous- lines cavities that do not open to exterior

Front 44

3 types of muscle

Back 44

smooth-involuntary, not striated.
skeletal-voluntary, has striations and many nuclei
cardiac- heart, intercalated discs, striated branched

Front 45

neuron

Back 45

only cell that conducts action potential using electrical signal, it controls the function of the cell.

Front 46

simple columnar

Back 46

main function is to absorb. found lining the digestive tract

Front 47

stratified squamos

Back 47

protects underlying tissue in areas subject to abrasion.

Front 48

simple cuboidal

Back 48

secretes and absorbes. found in small glands

Front 49

proteoglycan

Back 49

found in ground substance and is the amount present represents how viscous the substance is.

Front 50

mast cell

Back 50

function is to detect foreign substances. they are filled with granulars and are responsible for immediate inflammation.`

Front 51

macrophages

Back 51

large cells that active phagocitize fungi, bacteria, and other harmful cells.

Front 52

lamina propria

Back 52

loose connective tissue underneath the epithelium

Front 53

subcutaneous

Back 53

superfical fascia

Front 54

components of epidermis

Back 54

keratin, stratified squamos

Front 55

merkel cells

Back 55

sensory receptors that sense light touch

Front 56

stratum basale

Back 56

bottom layer. one row of cells (keratinocytes). rapidly undergoing mitosis. aka stratum germinativum

Front 57

stratum spinosum-

Back 57

spiny layer. cells are connected by desmosomes. cells contain thick filament used to make keratin.

Front 58

stratum granulosum

Back 58

grainy layer. cells are beginning to die. they are flattened, organells deteriorating.

Front 59

stratum corneum

Back 59

has glycolipids to make skin waterproof. dead keratinocytes.

Front 60

stratum lucidum

Back 60

"clear layer" only found in the thick non-hairy skin. an extra layer of protection.

Front 61

hypodermis

Back 61

adipose tissue backed by areolar connective tissue. aka superficial fasia or subcutaneous layer

Front 62

langerham cells

Back 62

macrophases toxins, etc. immune functions. epidermal dendritic cells.

Front 63

2 layers of dermis

Back 63

papillary layer- connects epidermis to dermis. areoloar connective tissue.
reticular layer-80% of dermis, dense irregular connective tissue

Front 64

sudoiferous gland

Back 64

eccrine gland- sweat gland

Front 65

sebatious gland

Back 65

found around hair follicals.

Front 66

arrector pilli muscles

Back 66

cause hair to "stand up"

Front 67

stratum corneum

Back 67

accounts for 3/4 of epidermal thickness.

Front 68

pacinian corpuscle

Back 68

deep pressue receptor

Front 69

thick skin

Back 69

palms, fingertips, soles of feet. has 5 layers. deep to superficial stratum: basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum.

Front 70

thin skin

Back 70

all other areas of body, no stratum lucidum, and layers are thinner.

Front 71

melanocytes

Back 71

cells that synthesis pigment, melanin.

Front 72

eccrine glands

Back 72

sweat gland (merocrine sweat gland) abundant on palms, soles of feet and forehead.simple tubular gland

Front 73

apocrine sweat gland

Back 73

ducts empty into hair follicles. found in anogenital and axillary areas.

Front 74

ceruminous gland

Back 74

modified apocrine gland. produces cerumen (ear wax)

Front 75

mammary gland

Back 75

secretes milk, modified sweat gland

Front 76

sebaceous gland

Back 76

secretes sebum. simple areolar gland. found all over except palms and soles. holocrine glands

Front 77

sebaceous gland

Back 77

secretes sebum. simple areolar gland. found all over except palms and soles. holocrine glands