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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 sources of knowledge? |
Five senses, reason, revalation |
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What is reason |
Able to make clear judgments regarding the relations between objects |
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What is revelation? |
Inaccessible truths are directly imparted to us by a higher power |
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What 2 classes is epistemology separated into? |
Rationalists and empiricists |
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What/ who is a rationalist |
Those who prefer the certainty of reason over the uncertainty of sensation. Plato and descartes |
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What / who is a empiricist? |
Those who prefer the rich content of senses over the more abstract and sterile content of pure reason. Locke and Berkeley |
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What are Plato’s views |
Things that are constant are real because they never vary. Things that come and pass are said to be both existent and non existent Things that change are considered unreliable Because we were made aware of these factors because of senses, they are not considered reliable |
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What are ideas/ forms |
Immaterial, exist in a way that they are not objects of perception. They are intelligible objects which can be understood by the means of reason |
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What does Descartes say? |
Doesn’t distinguish between the reality of the realm of intelligible ideas and the unreality of the sensible material world. Concentrates on that senses are prone to error |
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What does Locke say? |
Be begins by rejecting innate ideas, and holds the mind at a blank state. Any and all ideas that are inscribed on it come first from perceptions from the senses. |
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What is an innate idea? |
Ideas that are naturally present in the mind from its first moment |
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What are the two sources that are responsible for every idea in the mind ? |
Sensation- where all simple ideas come Reflection- with which the idea of relations among simple ideas are produced by the operations of the mind |
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According to Locke, how to senses perceive the world ? |
Look at the qualities of an object. Primary qualities are those that exist in the objects themselves and are associated with the physical aspect of the object. Secondary qualities do not belong to the object, but are produced by the primary qualities. |
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What are Locke’s knowledge degrees of certainty? |
Intuition- the truth is immediately obvious (knowledge of self) Demonstration- requires simple steps to prove (god) Sensation- Most liable to error |
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What does Berkeley say? |
Qualities of objects are perceived by senses, the objects of perception. Believes that there is no matter, but only the qualities of objects and the senses. The senses do not mediate between matter and mind. No matter, only spirit. The mind is spirit Perception is the basis of reality |
