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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain Gretchen’s (bodily) conception ofpersonal identity.
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Gretchen argues that souls cannot be physically seen, touched or smelled making it incapable for us to know whether a soul is present or not. She argues that since there is no way to confirm the existenceof a soul the soul theory cannot be used to define personal identity
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What are the arguments against the “bodily” conception of personal identity?
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A. We cannot identify one person at one time as the same person at another time by use of their souls
B. Psychological similarity does not amount to personal identity. Similarities in personality cannotprove personal identity. C. There is no evidence showing that one soul is attached to one body |
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What is the “soul” view of personal identity andwhy does Gretchen think it fails?
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The key to personal identity across time is having the very same soul. As long as my soulexists, I exist. Thus, if there really were souls, and one accepted the soultheory of personal identity, this would hold out the possibility of mysurviving the death of my body
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What is the “memory” view of personal identity and why does Gretchen think it fails? |
A person is a“stream of consciousness” a collection of different states. River Analogy whatallows us to say that the river we see here is the same as the one over here isthat they are appropriately connected. Theory basicallystates person stage X and person stage Y are part of the same stream of beingconscious making them the same person. If person X can remember being Y or Ycan remember being X then they are the same person. |
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Why does Gretchen think the "memory" view fails? |
Gretchen argues that there are such things as false memories. Distinguishing actually remembering an event from only seeming to remember an event People may claim to remember being Napoleon but are not the same person as Napoleon e. Gretchen argues that there might be others of herself created with each of them claiming to be the original. If each is identical to the original then by the transitivity of identity would mean that each is identical to one another.
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Why does Kant think that persons have absolutemoral worth?
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Kant says when an action has moral worth it motivates ones will. If one is motivated by happiness alone then if the conditions of the task do not align with happiness one would not complete the task.
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Explain Kant’s humanity as an end articulation of the categorical imperative
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Categorical Imperative- obligation to do one’s duty for its own sake and not in pursuit of further ends.
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What “two criteria are commonly proposed as being importantly linked to moral status”?
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Sentience- the capacity for phenomenal experience or qualia, such as the capacity to feel pain and suffer
Sapience- a set of capabilities associated with higher intelligence such as self-awareness and being a reason-responsive agent |
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Substrate Non-Discrimination
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Substrate Non-Discrimination- two beings have the same functions and conscious experiences and differ only in the substrate, then they have the same moral status
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Principle of Ontogeny Non-discrimination
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If two beings have the same functions and same conscious experiences and differ only in how they came into existence then they have the same moral status
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What are some of the “exotic” properties of minds?
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Subjective rate of time- cases where the duration of an experience is of basic normative significance, it is the experience’s subjective duration that counts
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Why reasons does Singer provide in order to conclude that “All Animals Are Equal”?
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Singer says that if a being is not sentient the idea of extending moral consideration to it makes no sense b. Singer uses sentience as a criteria needed to prove that all animals are equal we extend to other sentient creatures the same basic moral consideration that we extend to human beings
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Why does Singer think that the way some regard animals is akin to racism or sexism?
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Singer thinks that the way some regard animals is akin to racism or sexism because in both cases there are differences among individuals but despite the difference no one counts more than anyone else. If someone is different and therefore have different real interests those interests count just as much as the interests of others.
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