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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Morality
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Has to do with what we (simply because we are persons) should be like and how we should act.
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Ethics
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Systematic and reasoned study of morality and it's claims.
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Autonomous
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Able to make free choices as a self determining individual
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Authenticity Conditions
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Require that an autonomous person be capable of personally choosing between his or her goals and Values.
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Moral Incompetent
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An individual who's condition or state precludes his autonomy on a continuing basis
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Moral Responsibility
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Being morally accountable for ones own choices.
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Paternalism
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Overruling other peoples choices and actions for their own good.
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Objectivism
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maintains that the moral principle hold universally- for everyone
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Subjectivism
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Maintains that a moral principals hold just for particular persons
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Moral Principals
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A general Normative claim that holds for everyone in the same way. Principals thus are not limited to particular people of situations.
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Moral Judgment
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A limited moral claim; such as, judgment are about specific persons or situations.
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Fundamental Moral Principle
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A basic moral principle that can serve as the basis for deriving other moral principles, but that cannot itself be derived from anymore fundamental moral principle.
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Completeness
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Requires that a theory encompass and support the entire range of meaningful moral claims and concepts, not leaving anything out.
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Explanatory Power
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Requires that a theory gives us insight into what makes something morally right or wrong.
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Practicability
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Require that a theory be useful in actual person. 1.) Should not be vague but give clear claims. 2.) Furnish moral guidance. 3.) Shouldn't generate irresolvable conflicts
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Moral Confirmation
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Requires that a theory fit our deepest, clearest and most widely shared moral intuitions.
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Descriptive Claim
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Describes how the world actually is or should be.
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John Stuart Mill
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English, rationalist philosopher. "Anything conductive to pleasure or happiness counts as having utility".
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Consequential-ism
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An approach to ethics that maintains that consequences are what make something morally good or bad, right or wrong.
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Ethical Egoism
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Morally right act, for any particular situation, is the act that will produce the greatest amount of utility for oneself.
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Hedonism
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Maintains that pleasure and happiness is the only thing that has fundamental value or worth.
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Act Utilitarianism
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The morally right act for any particular situation, is the act that will produce the greatest overall utility in its consequences.
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Scope
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Who the act effects.
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Duration
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How long will the effects happen
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Intensity
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How bad the effects are.
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Probability
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How likely is something going to happen.
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Deontology
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Rejects consequences as the basis of morality and instead bases it on the duties and interaction
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Ross
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An intuitionist. Deontological Philosopher
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Conditional Duty
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If nothing overrides this duty, then we do it.
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Overriding duty
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Actual duty
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Intuitionist
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Maintains that we simply know our duty
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Immanuel kant
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A rationalist, deontological philosopher.
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Good Will
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Exercise in choosing something precisely because it is ones own duty and for no other reason.
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Mean & end
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Tool and Goal
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Categorical Imperative
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A binding principle that holds unconditionally for everyone in every situation without exception.
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Principle of ends
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Act to treat everyone effected by your action as an end and never as only a mean.
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Principle of Universal Law
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Act in accordance with a maxim that you can at the same time (rationally) will so be a universal law or principle.
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Maxim
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Rule of conduct of behavior.
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