Phil Final Ch.1

Front 1

Logic

Back 1

is the science that evaluates arguments

Front 2

Arguments

Back 2

can be a fight or dispute or just have one premise and one conclusion at least

Front 3

Statement

Back 3

a sentence with truth values
Ex san marcos is where csusm is

Front 4

Sentence

Back 4

Doesnt have truth values
Ex. What time is it?

Front 5

argument 1.2

Back 5

conditions to have an argument is you have to have premises that have an inferential link to the conclusion.

Front 6

Nonargument

Back 6

doesnt have premises that have inferential link to conclusion.
Examples are warnings, pieces of advice, statements of disbelief, statements of opinion, loosely associated statements(no link to claim about something been proved), reports, expository passages(a topic sentence followed by sentences that describe topic), illustrations, explanations, and conditional statements.

Front 7

deductive argument

Back 7

argument where the conclusion must follow the conclusions. the conclusion must follow necessarily. Types of deductive arguments are arguments based on math, argument based on definition, categorical syllogism(all,none, or), hypothetical syllogism(if then), and disjunctive syllogisms(either or).

Front 8

inductive arguments

Back 8

argument in which with true premises are at best likely that the conclusion follows. Types are the following: prediction(predict based on past), argument from analogy(similarity), argument based on authority(police says), argument based on signs(signs says so likely true)

Front 9

Validity

Back 9

refers to deductive arguments and says any argument where the premises are true then the conclusion can't be false. The only unvalid statements are those with all true premises and false conclusion.

Front 10

Soundness

Back 10

A valid deductive argument in which all premises are true. If this is not met then the deductive argument is unsound

Front 11

Strong

Back 11

any inductive argument in which the premises being true its likely that conclusion is true. Weak argument any inductive argument which is less that 50% likely.

Front 12

Cogent

Back 12

Any strong inductive argument that has all true premises. If any premises are false then uncogent!