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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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7. According to CarolJohnston, author of “A Christian Critique of Economics” …
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a. Capitalism needs to be transformed into a more equitableand environmentally sustainable system
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7. Johnston believesthat biblically the best test ofeconomic justice in any particular social context is ______
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a. The level of health of the weakest members
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7. Which below is not one of the sources of economic andsocial insight Johnston councils us to explore?
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a. Socialist Utopian traditions
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7. Who below arguesfor an ethics of care?
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Gilligan
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7. Which below is not mentioned by Rachels as anexplanation of women being, on average, more caring than men?
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a. Dietary factors
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7. According to mostfeminists today, says Rachels, women tend to …
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a. Think differently than men about ethics
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Feminist Care theories ofethics are unable to make sense of our natural partiality towards friends andfamily members |
Faulse |
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Traditional male theoriesof ethics tend to emphasize impersonal duties, contracts, and calculation ofcosts and benefits.
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True |
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According to Aristotle,virtues are extremes of normal human characteristics
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False |
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Rachel argues that thereare some human characteristics recognized as virtues by all cultures
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true (honouring elders) |
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7. Rachels assertsthat morality is ….
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Natural for human beings |
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7. Rachels arguesthat by helping someone who refused to help you, you would ….
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Fail to give him what he justly deserves |
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Rachels believes that thebest overall moral theory is Virtue ethics
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False |
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Psychological egoism is amoral theory
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False |
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1. Ethical egoismteaches that …
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Each person is to pursue his or her own self interests exclusively |
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1. According tosocial contract theory, one of the important roles of the state is to …
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a. Ensure that theagreements of the social contract are followed
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1. According toRachels, social contract theory has difficulty adequately dealing with ...
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a. Moralobligations to future generations (theyre not part of the social contract, theydon’t benefit us)
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1. Which below is not a tenet of Utilitarianism?
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a. If it is sentient, it is a moral agent
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Rule-Utilitarianism is theposition that the principle of utility must be applied to each individualaction option before its moral status can be determined
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False |
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1. Which below is not a problem for utilitarianism?
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a. Following thedictates of justice
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1. According to Kant,if you find yourself in a situation where you must either lie and thereby savea human life or tell the truth but thereby bring about the end of a human life,your moral duty is to
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tell the truth |
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1. Kant’s hypotheticalimperative acquires its obligatory force from our ________.
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desires |
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Kant was an advocate ofcapital punishment
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true |
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ccording to Pogge, authorof “Two Reflections on the Millennium Development Goal …,” developed nations ….
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a. Have a positiveduty to help the poverty stricken nations of the global south
c. Have a negativeduty to cease benefiting from the disadvantages of the poverty stricken nationsof the global south |
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Hardin, author of “Lifeboatethics …,” believes that the best way to deal with world hunger problems is toabide by the ideal of “from each according to his abilities, to each accordingto his needs.”
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false |
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1. According toHardin, the establishment of a world food bank would lead to ….
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a. The creation ofa new commons that would eventually bring about a worldwide tragedy of thecommons
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4. Scoville,author of “World Hunger, Genetic Engineering, …”, argues that agriculturalbiotechnology is ….
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d.Inherently biased towards commercial interests, increases in agriculturalscale, and monocultural export crops
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5. According to LynnWhite, Jr., the author of “The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis,” thegreatest psychic revolution in the history of our culture was …
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b. Thevictory of Christianity over paganism
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5. Which, accordingto Lynn White, Jr., is the most anthropocentric religion the world has seen?
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christianity |
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5. Gordis, in hisarticle “Ecology and the Judaic Tradition,” makes a convincing case that …
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a. That Judaism’s theocentrism supplies a strong basis forgood ecological stewardship
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5. According toBaxter, author of “People or Penguins …,” the objective of environmentalismshould be …
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a. To identify and pursue an optimal state of pollution
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5. Baxter is a_________ environmentalist
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Anthropocentric
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5. Baxter believesthat there is no normative definition of pollution …
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a. Except by reference to humans and their preferences
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5. Which below is not one of the economicprinciples Gardner, author of “Hungry for More”, derives from the OldTestament?
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b. Charge no more than3% interest
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1. According toScoville, author of “Genetic Engineering, World Hunger, …”, the fundamentalcause of world hunger is:
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poverty |
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7. Accordingto Roberts, author of “Malling of the Soul”, students who majored in Economicswere ….
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a. On average moregreedy than those who didn’t major in Economics
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8. Robertsrecommends to those seeking to overcome their greediness …
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d. Give away something you truly value
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9. Accordingto Clapp, consumerism is innate in human nature, a result of the Fall
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false |
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10. Accordingto Clapp, which below are the two religious sources of modern consumerism?
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c. Puritanism and Revivalism
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“Bal tashit,” (i.e., “do not destroy”) according to Gordis, capturesthe Old Testament’s teachings regarding the human treatment of the animal world
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true |
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4. Accordingto Clapp, consumerism is notsomething we learn, but an innate feature of fallen human nature.
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false |
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5. Which below is not one of the unsettling issuesthe use of Prozac raises, according to Kramer?
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a. How pharmaceutical companies can legally overcharge fordrugs they promote on TV
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9. According toClapp, modern advertising has roots in …
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Wesleyan revivalism
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Social contract theorytypically assumes a view of human nature as self-interested
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true |
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What is the fundamentalmotivation behind treating others fairly, according to Social Contracttheory?
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self interest |
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Which below is fundamental to ethical behavior according to Natural Law (ethics is like gravity) ethics?
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b. Conforming to the rational/moral structures of nature
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4. Which is NOT a consequence ofaccepting cultural relativism as true?
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You would be more inclined to worry about reforming the moral values of your own culture
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In reference to babyTheresa, the “benefits argument” recommends that the moral obligation is torefuse to use her organs for transplanting in other children who need them.
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false |
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Rachels argues that fromthe fact that different cultures have different moral codes, it logically followsthat morality itself is culturally relative.
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false |
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The “slippery slope”argument contends that although the first step toward a certain social policymay be good, as the consequences slide into wider contexts of the future, theywill bring about undesirable results
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true |
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8. According to Rachels, whichbelow is true?
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a. Taking care of one’s offspring, prohibiting murder, andhonoring one’s parents are universal moral values
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9. The basic idea of SimpleSubjectivism is that moral discourse boils down to words that seem to make trueand false claims but which are actually nothing more than tools of manipulationor relief valves of emotion. T / F
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true |
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10. According to Bennett, HuckFinn did the morally correct thing to do
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By going against his moral principles
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. According to Bennett, allof Huck’s reasons and rational considerations were on the side of turning Jiminto the authorities.
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true |
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12. The main point of Bennett’sarticle on Huck is …
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b. Our moral principles need tobe open to the pressures of our sympathies
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13. The so-called “end of ethics”presented by Caputo leads to …
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A more ethical ethics
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. Bosworth, author of “The Spiritof Capitalism, 2000”, believes that growth into moral maturity in ourcapitalist culture will require …
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Humility and a new sort of abstinence
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When Caputo refers to“singularities” he means to emphasize features common to all human beingsand/or all human situations
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false |
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16. Who below is NOT aUtilitarian?
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Thomas Hobbes
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17. According to Bentham,morality is solely about making the world a happy place.
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true |
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18. When it comes to the moraltreatment of animals, Utilitarianism argues …
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c. If they can suffer, we must treat them morally
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19. Retributivism is the viewthat we should replace the practice of punishing criminals with the practice oftreating their illnesses and correcting their behaviors.
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false |
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20. What below, according toKant, makes the Categorical Imperative binding on human beings?
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c. Our capacity to reason
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21. According to Rachels, thereare very few cultures that share common moral values.
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false |
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22. Which below is NOT one of theproblems feminists have with modern moral theory?
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a. It pays too much attention tocontext and relationships
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Which following would mostfeminists likely say is NOT associated with women in our patriarchal culture?
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Objectivity
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24. Which below would mostfeminists say is a typical assumption of modern (masculinist) moral theory?
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d. None of the above
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26. According to Carol Gilligan,Kohlberg has mistaken differences between the moral reasoning of males andfemales as evidence for the moral inferiority of females.
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true |
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27. It is rational for us to “bargain our way intomorality”, says Social Contract theory, only if …
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a. We have established sanctions to ensure that, if we respect otherpeople’s interests, they will respect ours
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29. Negative “externalities”, as discussed byJohnston in “A Christian Critique of Economics”, refer to the social andenvironmental costs that the production of commodities entail but which are notborne by the corporations who produce the commodities and thus not reflected inthe price we consumers pay for the commodities
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true |
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30. Caputo argues that there is no such thing as a moralduty.
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false |
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30. Caputo argues that there is no such thing as a moralduty.
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false |
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31. Rachels, in their last chapter, argue that our capacityto reason is what gave rise to morality.
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True |
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32. Who is the main man behind capitalist economic theory?
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Adam Smith
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33. Which below is NOT one of the assumptions ofNeoclassical capitalist economic theory, according to Johnston?
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c. General equity in the distribution of wealth must beone of the goals of the free-market
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34. Bosworth understands the television and advertizingindustries in NA to …
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c. Be the portal by whichconsumer capitalism seeps into our culture’s private spaces
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35. To which below does Johnston NOT go to gain wisdom aboutcultivating healthy communities?
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The economists
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36. Which below is NOT discussed by Nash (“Does CapitalismPass the Moral Test?”) as a moral objection to capitalism?
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c. Its pursuit of a large pie undermines the Earth’secological viability
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37. Which below is NOT one of the moral virtues of acapitalist economy discussed by Nash?
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It promotes political-spiritual freedom
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38. Capitalism is the economic outlook where theindividual/corporation owns the means of production, and the benefactor of thisarrangement is supposed to be the society at large.
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true |
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40. Capitalism, according to Nash …
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d. Is a positive-sum game thatpromotes and protects political liberties
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41. Who below argues that the GNPmasks the ecological and social costs of economic progress?
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Johnston
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42. Bosworth conceives of ourculture’s commercial order and media industries as tacit “moral customizers”that contour our behaviors unconsciously to serve the market’s needs.
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true |
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43. The “Gilded Carrot” is …
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b. The ever-changing andmarketable object of constant desire
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44. According to Bosworth, moderncapitalism promotes disruption, dissatisfaction, and mini-revolutions infashion, taste, and habits because …
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They all promote sales
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45. Scoville, in her article onbiotechnology and world hunger, argues that using biotechnologies to increasecrop yields is the world’s only hope of addressing world hunger.
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true |
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48. According to Johnston’sarticle, capitalism needs …
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. To be transformed from within
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Gardner’s article “Hungryfor More” demonstrates that the Hebrew’s practice of Sabbath was all aboutmaximizing profits
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false |
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50. Johnston believes that ____________ is the best economic goal.
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. Community health
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Gardner argues that the capitalist countries of the global North could learn a lot from economic practices of the ancient Hebrews and Buddhists.
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true |
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The “demographic transition” refers to …
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a. The decrease of birth rates thatresult from rising standards of living
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According to Pogge, to reduce by ½ the proportion of the people of the world living on less than $1.00, it would take about …
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40 billion dollars
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The levels of wealth typical of the wealthy global North and the poor global South are causally interrelated.
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true |
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Who talks about Huck finn, Himmler, and Edwards? |
J. Bennet |
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"The end of ethics" |
John Caputo |
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"ddoes capitalism pass the moral test?" |
Ronald Nash |
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"the spirit of capitalism 2000" |
Bosworth |
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"Christian critique of economics" |
Johnston |
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"two reflections on first United Nation Millennium" |
Pogge |
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"Living on A lifeboat" |
Hardin |
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"hunger for more" |
Gardner |
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"world Hunger , Genetic Engineering, and Christian moral responsibility" |
Scoville |
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"ecology and the Judaic tradition" |
Gordis, Robert |
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"people or penguins" |
William Baxter |
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"the historical roots of our ecological crisis" |
White |
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"why the devil takes VISA" |
Clapp |
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"Listening to Prozac....." |
Kramer |
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"the judgment of Thamus" |
Niel Postmen |
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"malling the soul" |
Roberts |
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"visual Voodoo" |
Sigmnan |
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"the space of the screen" |
Kevin Robins |
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"Hegemony and the possibility of contestation" |
Warren |
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"hiding behind the screen" |
Scruton |
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"imagining God" |
Petersons |
