Phil 10 Intro To Logic

Front 1

What is Logic?

Back 1

The study of good or correct reasoning

Front 2

What is Reasoning?

Back 2

The process by which one passes from certain known facts to new facts.

Front 3

Formal logic

Back 3

focusing on the form or patterns of reasoning... the "equation" with variables instead of sentences.

Front 4

"If X then Y. But not Y. Therefore, not X." an example of_________ logic?

Back 4

Formal Logic

Modus tollens

Front 5

Informal Fallacies

Back 5

Some common patterns of reasoning that are often bad- are bad for reasons other than the formal features of the argument.

Front 6

Conjunction Truth Function

Back 6

A conjunction is true when both conjuncts are true.

It is false if either or both conjuncts are false

Front 7

Negation Truth Function

Back 7

A negation is true if the negated statement is false; and a negation is false if the negated statement is true

Front 8

(Inclusive) Disjunction Truth Function

Back 8

A disjunction is true if either or both disjuncts are true. It is false if both disjuncts are false.

Front 9

Conditional Truth Function

Back 9

A conditional statement is false if it has the combination of a true antecedent and a false consequent. In all other conditions, conditional is true.

Front 10

Biconditional Truth Function

Back 10

A biconditional is true if the component statements have the same truth value; and it is false if they have different truth values.

Front 11

What logic operator is '~ Q' and example of?

Back 11

Negation [not Q]

Front 12

'P v Q' is an example of which operator?

Back 12

Disjuntion [P or Q]

Front 13

'P • Q' is an example of which of the 5 operators?

Back 13

Conditional

Front 14

Which operator is displayed by
'P Ξ Q' ?

Back 14

Biconditional

Front 15

What are the 5 statement operators?

Back 15

1. Conjunction
2. Disjunction
3. Negation
4. Conditional
5. Biconditional

Front 16

"X and Y" is an example of which sentential operators?

Back 16

Conjunction

Front 17

"If S then T" is an example of which operator?

Back 17

Conditional

Front 18

"A. Not A" displays which sentential operator?

Back 18

Negation

Front 19

"W if and only if Z" is an example of which statement operator?

Back 19

Biconditional

Front 20

"Either Q or P" is an example of which operator?

Back 20

Disjunction

Front 21

"Necessary" and "sufficient" are examples of which operator?

Back 21

Conditional

Front 22

True or False - "the thing that is the necessary condition is the consequent"

Back 22

TRUE

Front 23

When making a truth table, what should be placed first [in column 1, 2...etc.]?

Back 23

Atomic statements

Front 24

Which is the correct order of parenthesis?
A. (~{ [Q v S] • [S v R] })
B. (~ [{Q v S} • {S v R} ])
C. [~( {Q v S} • {S v R} )]
D. [~{ (Q v S) • (S v R) }]

Back 24

D. [ { (X) } ]

Front 25

What are the 3 types of statements?

Back 25

tautology, contradiction, contingency

Front 26

If a statement is FALSE no matter what, it is _________.

Back 26

A contradiction

Front 27

If a statement is TRUE no matter what, it is __________.

Back 27

A tautology

Front 28

If a statement is either true or false, then the statement is a ________.

Back 28

A contingency

Front 29

A ________ is True when BOTH conjuncts are TRUE.

It is FALSE IF EITHER OR BOTH conjuncts are FALSE.

Back 29

A conjunction

Front 30

A ______ is TRUE when the (____) statement is FALSE.
And it is FALSE when the (____) statement is TRUE.

Back 30

A negation / negated

Front 31

A ______ is TRUE when EITHER or BOTH ___ are true.

FALSE IF BOTH FALSE.

Back 31

A disjunction

Front 32

Φ Ξ Ψ [what is it/ when is it used?]

Back 32

Biconditional
IF & ONLY IF

Front 33

Φ • Ψ [What/when used?]

Back 33

Conjunction
AND
BOTH ...&

Front 34

Φ v Ψ [What is it/ when is it used?]

Back 34

Disjunction
EITHER ... OR
OR

Front 35

~Φ ~Ψ [What is it/ when used?]

Back 35

Negation
NOT
DOESN'T

Front 36

Φ › Ψ

Back 36

Conditional
IF ... THEN
SUFFICIENT THAT
NECESSARY THAT

Front 37

Φ › Ψ

When is this FALSE?

Back 37

when Φ is TRUE but Ψ is FALSE

Front 38

Φ v Ψ

WHEN IS THIS FALSE?

Back 38

when BOTH Φ and Ψ are FALSE

Front 39

Φ • Ψ
When is this FALSE?

Back 39

when EITHER or BOTH are FALSE