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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obesity
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An Excessive accumulation of body fat.
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BMI
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Body Mass Index
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Obesity is associated with:
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Heart Disease
Stroke Hypertension Cancer Skin Disease |
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What are the chagnes in Energy Intake?
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1. Availability of inexpensive, palatable foods
2. Increased portion sizes 3. High fat Intake 4.Increased refined sugar intake 5. Decreased fruit, vegitable and fiber intake |
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what are the changes in energy expenditure?
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1. Decreased physical activity
2. Decreased leisure time physical activity 3. Increased sedintary behavior |
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Android Fat
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Occurs more in males. Visceral fat around abdomen. Incrases rish of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia
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Gynoid fat
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lower body fat. Found in women and is resistant to lipolytic stmiuli.
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Why is the Traditional energy blaance equation flawed?
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Because it doesn't take into account genetics and metabolism. Can gain fat if you ingest more fat, even if you take in less calories. Medication can also play into this.
Stored Fat = Fat In - Fat Out |
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Why is dieting bad?
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Dieting is bad becuase your body automatically will decrease the cost of physical activity by reducing metabolism and body mass to meet the lower caloric intake.
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Ketogenic Diet
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A ketogenic diet derives 60-70% of calories from fat in order to get the body to utilize fat and lower insulin. This produces ketones. It can be detrimental in the long run because of diseases and decreased lean muscle mass (body will start using amino acids for energy)
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Why is high meal frequency good?
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High meal frequency leads to a lower mean insulin level and lower LDL cholesterol
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What is ATP?
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The basic molecule to produce energ for the room
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What are the three energy systems?
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ATP-CP (short bursts)
Lactic Acid (medium 1 min) Aerodic (long, longer than 1 min) |
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What are the 3 important functions of carbohydrates?
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1) Fuel for energy
2) Protein sparing 3) Fuel fron Central Nervous System (brain) and other tissues |
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What is the hormone that stimulates glycogen synthesis?
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Insulin
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What is the hormone that stimulates glycogen breakdown?
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glucagon
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Glycogenesis
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formation of glycogen, stimulated by insulin
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Lipogenesis
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The creation and storage of fat
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Lipolosis
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the break down of fat
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How does insulin and adrenaline affect Hormone Sensitive Lipase?
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Insulin inhibits HSL so fat is stored more. Adrenaline increases the amount of HSL, and therefore helps burn more fat.
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What are the principles of exercise physiology? (MOASPRIM)
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Modifiability- some variables can be changed and some canot
Overload principle-The body must be subjected to a certain amount of stress of training effects to occur. Adaptation- the changes that occur in the body as a result of training Specificity principle- Adaptations are particular to the overload imposed and seen only in the muscles trained Periodization of Training- Variations in training are needed for adaptations to occur Rate of Progression/Maintenance- Variation is necessary to make sure that adaptations occur Individual principle- An excercise program for an individual works better than one working for everyone. Motivation- will keep you on track |
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List 4 fuels stored in your muscles that can be used during excercise
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Muscle TG, glycogen, ATP, CP, amino acids
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Name 5 adaptations that occur in the muscular system
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1) increased muscle strength, size and power
2)shift from type IIx to type IIa fibers 3)greater ability to utilize fuels aerobically 4)increased storage of fuels 5)increase in albumin |
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Why must you periodize training?
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in order to assure that adaptations occur
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What are the four components of energy expenditure?
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exercise duration, intensity, antecedent diet, training status
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Why would a person with more type 1 muscle fiber have a greater ability to excel at aerobic exercise?
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slow oxidative eases slow metabolism predominately
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what is concentric and eccentric muscle contraction?
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concentric- muscle shortens
eccentric- muscle lengthens |
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What is a motor unit?
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A motorneuron and all the muscle fibers it controls
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