Phi 103 Final Test 2

Front 1

fallacies are often bequiling because they are psychologically persuasive yet...

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logically inadequate

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the genetic fallacy argues that a claim is true or false solely because of its...

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origin

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the fallacy of arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole is called...

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composition

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rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as...

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appeal to the person

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a type of ad hominem fallacy the argues that a claim must be true (or false) just because the claimant is hypocritical is called...

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tu quoque

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the fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as...

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appeal to the masses

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usually the burden of proof rests on the side that...

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makes a positive claim

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the fallacy of deliberately raising an irrelevant issue during an argument is called a...

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red herring

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the fallacy that is also referred to as arguing in a circle is the fallacy of...

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begging the question

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the fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because people have believe it for centuries is known as...

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appeal to tradition

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fallacious arguments that force a decision between two choices, one of which is clearly unacceptable is called...

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false dilemma

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the fallacy that makes an unfair comparison between two partially similar states of affairs, A and B, noting that since A has properties x,y, and z and B is found to have properties of x, and z and c, then B must also have y, is called...

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faulty analogy

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if the person making an argument is hypocritical regarding the claims the advocate, this diminishes the truth of their claims

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false

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claims should be regarded as true simply if they are believed by many people

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false

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claims should be regarded as true simply if they are believed by only a few people

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false

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a claim must be true if it hasnt been shown to be scientifically false

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false

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if we could prove something with a lack of evidence, we could prove almost anything

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true

Front 18

the following argument patter is an example of begging the question: "reinterpret claim X so that it becomes the weak or absurd claim Y; attack claim Y; conclude that X is unfounded."

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false

Front 19

this is an example of a red herring fallacy: " the war in iraq has been a great success for american. After, all saddam is dead, the iraqi citizens have had their first free elections in years, and Iraqs oil revenues are higher than ever!"

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true, false

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this is an example of equivocation: "the politcal action committee is very prestigious in Washington; so each of its members is very prestigious in washington."

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false

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the fact that someone happens to have self-interested reasons for making a claim preoves that the claim is false

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false

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Leonardo Di Caprio says he supports living the green life. But that is all BS; look at the hummers that he drives

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tu quoque, appeal to the person

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lee smolin is against the Iraq war. But ou can't believe him, he comes from the science elite of this country

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genetic fallacy

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arguing that what is true of the whole must be true of the parts is an

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fallacy of division

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of course you can wear that crazy outfit to school, its what everyone is wearing this fall.

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appeal to the masses

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he cant make a good president, he's a washington insider.

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genetic fallacy

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people seem completely unaware that internet pronography can destroy this country. But its a matter of simple logic. there is no doubt that internet porn promotes illicit sex- sex thats neither normal nor moral. once people get involved in illict sex, they find it much, much easier to allow illicit behavior in other ares of their life. They find it far easier to lie, cheat, steal and commit violent acts. Immorality and illegality become common. And as every historian knows, when these things become common, society self-destructs.

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slippery slope

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jake, kyle, and rolf are all members of the UNCP Young Republicans, and they are all planning to be Roman Catholic priests. Emma is also a member of the UNCP Young Republicans, so she is probably planning to be a Roman Catholic Priest, too.

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faulty analogy

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Many people criticize Thomas Jefferson for being an owner of slaves. But jefferson was one of our greatest presidents, and his Declaration of Independence is one of the most eloquent pleas for freedom and democracy ever written. Clearly these criticisms are unwarranted.

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appeal to authority

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that ethics course is absolutely the worst course offered at the university. I took that course, and so did three of my friends. We all reached the same conclusion.

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hasty generalization

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in the 232 year history of the USA, no black man has ever been elected to be president. Therefore, Barach Obama will not win the 2008 Presidential Election.

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appeal to tradition

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heroin use is a powerful and horrible addiction. Before heroin, these addicts were into oxycontin, and before that if was sleeping pills, and before that cough syrup. If you start drinking cough syrup by the bottle you'll end up a heroin user, too. So put down that bottle of cough syrup.

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slippery slope

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the nursing program is an important part of any top ranked university. if should not be concealed and marginalized in any way. No mother should have to sulk off into a dark cornerof this college in order to nurse her baby.

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equivocation

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ladies and gentlemen of the jury, look at the bloody clothes, the murder weapon. Imagine the helpless screams of the victim. Such a crime deserves no verdict except guilty, guilty, guilty!

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appeal to emotion

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i'm not a doctor, but i play a doctor on tv, and i wouldnt dream of using anyhting but tylenol for my toughest headaches.

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appeal to authority

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how can you possibly believe in evolution? that would mean that you believe that an elephant evolved from a mouse, and that's just ridiculous.

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straw man

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americas ememies are at the gates. Jobs are being sent overseas. the number of illegal immigrants is growing daily. Vote for me and ill fight for your freedom, fight for you jobs, fight for whats right, fight for the wounded, the sick and the weak, fight for the spirit that makes this country the greatest in the world! join us! we will never tire in the fight to keep america free, and fight for the children, fight for founding fathers! Fight! Fight! Fight!

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appeal to emotion