Phase Ii Exam Ii

Front 1

Offensive Operations

Back 1

Operations which aim at destroying or defeating an enemy.

Purpose: impose US will on the enemy and achieve decisive victory

Front 2

Purpose of the Offense

Back 2

- Destroy enemy forces, equipment, and resources
- Deceive and divert the enemy
- Deprive the enemy of resources
- Gain information on the enemy
- Fix the enemy in place
- Seize key terrain
- Produce a reaction from the enemy
- Disrupt enemy actions or preparations

Front 3

Types of Offensive Operations

Back 3

- Movement to Contact
- Attack
- Exploitation
- Pursuit

Front 4

Movement to Contact

Back 4

op seeks to gain or regain contact and develop the situation in relation to an enemy whose general location is known, but exact location is unknown

Front 5

Attack

Back 5

coordinated movement, supported by fire, conducted to defeat, destroy, neutralize, or capture the enemy.

- focus for class

Front 6

Exploitation

Back 6

Offensive Ops that follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth

Front 7

Pursuit

Back 7

Op designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it

Front 8

Types of attacks

Back 8

Hasty Attack - An attack in which preparation time is traded for speed to exploit opportunity.

Deliberate attack - Offensive action characterized by pre-planned coordinated employment of firepower and maneuver to close with and destroy the enemy

Front 9

Phases of attack operations

Back 9

1) Preparation
2) Conduct
3) Consolidation/Exploitation

*Not always a definable separation between them*

Front 10

Form of Manuever

Back 10

- basic techniques used to gain an advantage over the enemy

1) Frontal Attack
2) Flanking Attack
3)Envelopment
4) Turning Movement
5) Infiltration
6) Penetration

Front 11

Ambush (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 11

A surprise attack by fire from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy.

Front 12

Attack by Fire (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 12

Fires (direct or indirect) to destroy the enemy from a distance, normally used when the mission does not require or support occupation of the objective.

Front 13

Block (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 13

To deny the enemy access to a given area or to prevent enemy advance in a given direction or an avenue of approach. It may be for a specified time.

Front 14

Breach (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 14

To break through or secure a passage through a natural or enemy obstacle.

Front 15

Bypass (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 15

To maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of an advance.

Front 16

Canalize (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 16

The use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or fires to restrict enemy operations to a narrow zone.

Front 17

Contain (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 17

To stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to keep the enemy in a given area and prevent his withdrawing any part of his forces for use elsewhere.

Front 18

Defeat (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 18

To disrupt or nullify the enemy commander’s plan and overcome his will to fight, thus making him unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action.

Front 19

Destroy (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 19

Physically rendering an enemy force combat-ineffective unless it is reconstituted.

Front 20

Disrupt (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 20

To integrate fires and obstacles to break apart an enemy’s formation and tempo, interrupt his time table, or cause premature commitment or piecemealing of his forces.

Front 21

Exploit (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 21

Take full advantage of success in battle and follow up initial gains; offensive actions that usually follow successful attack and are designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.

Front 22

Feint (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 22

An offensive action involving contact with the enemy to deceive him about the location or time of the actual main offensive action.

Front 23

Fix (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 23

To prevent the enemy from moving any part of his forces either from a specific location or for a specific period of time by holding or surrounding them to prevent their withdrawal for use elsewhere.

Front 24

Interdict (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 24

An action to divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces.

Front 25

Neutralize (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 25

To render the enemy or his resources ineffective or unusable.

Front 26

Penetrate (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 26

To break through the enemy’s defense and disrupt his defensive system.

Front 27

Reconnoiter (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 27

To obtain visual observation or other methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy.

Front 28

Rupture (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 28

To create a gap in enemy defensive positions quickly.

Front 29

Support by Fire (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 29

Where a force engages the enemy by direct fire to support a maneuvering force using overwatch or by establishing a base of fire. The supporting force does not capture enemy forces or terrain.

Front 30

Suppress (Enemy-Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 30

A tactical mission task that results in the temporary degradation of
the performance of a force or weapon system below the level needed to accomplish its mission.

Front 31

Clear (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 31

The removal of enemy forces and elimination of organized
resistance in an assigned zone, area or location by destroying, capturing or forcing the withdrawal of enemy forces that could interfere with the unit’s ability to accomplish its mission.

Front 32

Control (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 32

To maintain physical influence by occupation or range of weapon systems over the activities or access in a defined area.

Front 33

Occupy (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 33

To move onto an objective, key terrain or other man-made or natural terrain area without opposition, and control the entire area.

Front 34

Reconnoiter (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 34

To secure data about the meteorological, hydrographic or geographic characteristics of a particular area.

Front 35

Retain (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 35

To occupy and hold a terrain feature to ensure it is free of enemy occupation or use.

Front 36

Secure (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 36

To gain possession of a position or terrain feature, with or without force, and to prevent its destruction or loss by enemy action. The
attacking force may or may not have to physically occupy the area.

Front 37

Seize (Terrain-Oriented Task)

Back 37

To clear a designated area and gain control of it.

Front 38

Breach (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 38

To break through or secure a passage through a natural or friendly
obstacle.

Front 39

Cover (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 39

Offensive or defensive actions to protect the force.

Front 40

Disengage (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 40

To break contact with the enemy and move to a point where the enemy cannot observe nor engage the unit by direct fire.

Front 41

Displace (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 41

To leave one position and take another. Forces may be displaced laterally to concentrate combat power in threatened areas

Front 42

Exfiltrate (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 42

The removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control.

Front 43

Follow (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 43

The order of movement of combat, combat support, and combat service support forces in a given combat operation.

Front 44

Guard (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 44

To protect the main force by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information.

Front 45

Protect (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 45

To prevent observation, engagement or interference with a force or location.

Front 46

Screen (Friendly-Oriented Tasks)

Back 46

To observe, identify and report information and only fight in self- protection.


Front 47

Mission of Rifle Squad

Back 47

Locate, close with, and destroy the enemy by fire and maneuver, or repel the enemy's assault by fire and close combat

Front 48

Squad Leader Responsibilities

Back 48

- Carry out orders issued by platoon commander
- Responsible for tactical employment, fire discipline, fire control, and maneuver of the squad

Front 49

Fire Team Leader Responsibilities

Back 49

- Carry out orders of the squad leader
- Position themselves where they can best observe and control the fire team, particularly the FT's automatic fire

Front 50

Organic Weapons, Equipment, Fire Support to the Squad

Back 50

Wpns - M16, M4, M-203, M-249

Equipment: PVS-14; PAS-13; PAS-22 ; PEQ-15
(1) PRC-119 (B/F) ; PRC-148 ; PRC153 ; GPS

Fire Support: 60mm Mortars ; 81mm Mortars ; Artillery; Close Air Support

Front 51

Frontal Attack: Form of Maneuver

Back 51

- Attack directed against the front of an enemy force

- Goal is to break through enemy defense and disrupt the defensive system, achieving penetration

- least preferred b/c it strikes the enemy at his strongest point

- When to use:
1) Overrunning a weak and disorganized enemy
2) During a pursuit
3) For fixing an enemy in place
4) When Cdr posses overwhelming combat power and En is at clear disadvantage

Front 52

Flanking Attack: Form of Maneuver

Back 52

- Attack direct at the flank of an enemy

- goal is to strike the enemy from an unexpected direction

-Need to achieve a degree of surprise and avoid the En's principal orientation of his main wins

- When to use:
1) Usually (not always) involves a supporting attack to suppress/fix the En
2) A Recon of the En pos enhances ability to identify and avoid auto-wpns, key obstacles, and mines

Front 53

Factors which affect specific control measures and formations

Back 53

- Situation
- Speed
- Mission
- Degree of Flexibility
- Weather
- Terrain

Front 54

Fighter/Leader Concept

Back 54

More effective for the small unit leader to execute or do what he wants done rather than verbally communicate it

Front 55

Base Unit Concept

Back 55

Units leaders control speed, direction, and orientaiton of their entire unit by locating themselves close to the base unit

- foundation of effective lateral and implicit communication

Front 56

Purpose of the base unit

Back 56

Helps squad leader control:
-Direction
-Orientation
-Speed

1) Sqd Ldr can control squad when verbal commands cannot be heard
2) Ease of control when FT ldrs cannot see sqd ldd
3)Extend the flexibility of small unit direction changes down to FT ldd

Front 57

300 mil rule

Back 57

By extending both the thumb and pinky and centering the hand over the front sight post of the weapon, the marine will then have left and right lateral limits. Do not engage when another marine comes within 300 mils

Front 58

ADDRAC

Back 58

Alert
Direction
Target Description,
Range
Target Assignment
Fire Control

Front 59

Fire and Maneuver

Back 59

one element (Maneuver) moves while being supported by another element (Support by fire)

**A separate and distinct mission is assigned to each element**

Front 60

Fire and Movement

Back 60

elements and individuals provide their own suppression and move by bounds

Front 61

Why Consolidation and reorganize

Back 61

- Prep for En Counter attack
-Reestablish Command and Control w/in unit
- Reestablish COMM with higher
- Address Casualities/Ammo
- Prep to resume attack/pursue the enemy

Front 62

S.A.F.E.

Back 62

Security - Clock method, continous, All SAW's manned

Automatic Wpns - emplaced first and always manned

Fields of Fire - interlocking, and full coverage sector w/in FT

Entrenchment - Start skirmisher trench (Hasty position)

Provides a priority of work during the initial consolidation so that there is a seamless transition

Front 63

Reporting Procedures: ACE Report

Back 63

Ammo - % from FT, Redistribution, Cap/Lim of Sqd for futher ops

Casualty - CCP, Casevac,Medevac, Cap/Lim of Sqd

Eqiupment - Downed Wpns, COMM gear, Requests additional gear, Cap/Lim of Sqd

Front 64

Pursuit by fire

Back 64

After original objective taken, sqd fires upon withdrawing enemy until no longer visible or beyond range of sqd's weapons

Front 65

Continuation of the Attack

Back 65

Maintain pressure of the enemy and exploit success and destroy his combat power

Front 66

Back 66

Puncture

Front 67

Back 67

Gun Shot Wound

Front 68

Back 68

2nd Degree burn

Front 69

Back 69

Open Fracture

Front 70

Back 70

Incision

Front 71

Back 71

Abrasion

Front 72

Back 72

laceration

Front 73

Back 73

Open Wound

Front 74

Back 74

Avulsion

Front 75

Back 75

1st Degree Burn

Front 76

Back 76

3rd Degree Burn

Front 77

Back 77

Contusion

Front 78

Causes of Shock

Back 78

Significant blood loss
Trauma
Burns
Infection
Allergies
Dehydration
Mind

Front 79

Hemorrhagic Shock

Back 79

- Occurs through loss of blood or blood components

- Most common cause of shock on the battlefield

- Loss of 25% is life threatening

- Average adult has 5 L of blood. Loss of 20% will lead to Hemorrhagic Shock

Front 80

Symptoms of Shock

Back 80

Cool, pale, clammy skin
Restlessness, nervousness
Thirst
Confusion, loss of self-awareness (Stage II) **
Accelerated breathing
Nausea and vomiting
Weak pulse
Unconsciousness

Front 81

Prevention and Treatment of Shock

Back 81

Treat the cause **
Lay the casualty on their back
Elevate the feet
Loosen clothing
Prevent chilling
Monitor ABCs
Do not give the casualty any food/water
Calm/reassure the casualty **

Front 82

Soft Tissue Wounds

Back 82

Closed Wounds
Contusion or Bruise
Open Wounds
Abrasion, Laceration, Incision, Puncture
Special Wounds
Crushing, Amputation, Avulsion

Front 83

Care for Open Wounds

Back 83

Control the bleeding
Prevent contamination with a sterile dressing.
Immobilize and elevate if possible
Monitor ABC’s
Evacuate the casualty, if necessary

Front 84

Symptoms of Chest Wounds

Back 84

-Visible Wounds
- Nausea/vomiting
- Pain
- Muscle Spasm
- Shock

Front 85

Tension Pheumothorax

Back 85

"Sucking Chest" Wound

Symptoms:

Hole in chest wall
Coughing up bright red frothy blood
Difficulty breathing
Chest fails to expand normally
Pain at injury site
Discoloration of lips or fingers

Front 86

Treatment for Sucking Chest Wound

Back 86

Cover wound with airtight dressing
4 sides taped down
If casualty has difficulty breathing, lift one side to allow air to escape (3 corners taped down)
Apply field dressing
Lay on injured side or sit up – WHY?
Evacuate immediately

Front 87

Hemorrhage from extremities is the 1st leading cause of PREVENTABLE combat deaths

Back 87

Hemorrhage from extremities is the 1st leading cause of PREVENTABLE combat deaths

Front 88

Types of Bleeding

Back 88

Arterial
Venous
Capillary

Front 89

Arterial

Back 89

Bright red color
Pumps out in distinct spurts
Flow is alarmingly profuse
Could bleed to death in 60-120 seconds

REQUIRES IMMEDIATE RESPONSE!

Front 90

Venous

Back 90

Dark red/maroon colored blood
Steady flow
Easier to control than arterial

Front 91

Capillary Bleeding

Back 91

Abrasion or road rash
Slow oozing of blood

Front 92

How to stop the bleeding

Back 92

Apply direct pressure **
Elevate the wound **
Pressure points **
Tourniquet
Apply field dressing
Special dressings

Front 93

Applying Tourniquet

Back 93

Between the heart and the wound as close to the injury as possible (2-4 inches above wound)
Tighten enough to stop the bleeding
Mark forehead with a “T” and the date/time

If casualty has life-threatening bleeding, this is the first step!

Front 94

Specialized Bandages

Back 94

QuikClot
HemCon (Best used with tourniquet)
Combat Guaze (No exothermic reaction when applied)

Front 95

Internal Bleeding

Back 95

Vomit that appears to include coffee grounds
Shallow respiration/rapid weak pulse
Thirst
Pale, cool, clammy skin
Abdominal tenderness and/or guarding

Front 96

Possible Cause of Internal Bleeding

Back 96

Puncture Wound
Fracture

Front 97

Types of Burns

Back 97

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation/Laser

Front 98

Classifications of Burns

Back 98

1st Degree: Red skin
2nd Degree: Blisters
3rd Degree: Charring

Front 99

Treatment for burns

Back 99

Treatment
Remove casualty from the source of burn
Expose the burn
Cover with sterile dressing
Monitor ABCs
Treat for shock
Evacuate

• DO NOT place the dressing over the face
• DO NOT break the blisters
• DO NOT apply grease or ointments to the burns

Front 100

Fractures

Back 100

Two Kinds of Fractures:
Closed
Open
Symptoms of Fractures:
Deformed extremity
Swelling/discoloration of the skin at the injury site
Sharp pain when the individual attempts to move the part

Front 101

Steps for Spliting the fracture

Back 101

Stop the bleeding
Remove all binding objects
“Splint them where they lie”
Immobilize the joint above and below the break
Use padding
Tie/secure the splint
Use a sling if applicable
Check for circulation

Front 102

Spinal Injuries

Back 102

Identification
Pain in neck or back
Numbness or tingling
Deformity
Paralysis
Treatment
Stop any bleeding
Insure airway and circulation are stable
Immobilize casualty

Front 103

Head Injuries

Back 103

Identification
Excessive bleeding
Raccoon eyes
Battle signs
Deformities
Treatment
Stop all bleeding
Insure airway and circulation are stable
Monitor and record:
Vital Signs / Pupil Size / Level of consciousness

Front 104

Urgent Casualty

Back 104

A severe injury; threatening to life, limb, or eyesight—

Injury Examples:
• Airway and breathing difficulties.
• Gunshot wounds.
• Spinal or pelvic fractures.
• Cardiac arrest.
• Uncontrolled or suspected severe hidden bleeding.
• Open chest or abdominal wounds.
• Severe head injuries with evidence of brain damage, no
matter how slight.
• Several medical problems:
o Poisonings.
o Diabetes with complications. o Cardiac disease with failure.

Front 105

Priority

Back 105

An injury that requires immediate medical attention, but is not threatening to life, limb, or eyesight—for casualties
marked as priority, transportation and hospital treatment can be delayed slightly.

Example:
Burns without complications.
• Major or multiple fractures.
• Back injuries without spinal damage.
• Heat/cold injuries—not counting heat stroke.

Front 106

Routine

Back 106

An injury that is not threatening to life, limb or eyesight. Routine casualties are transported or treated last.

Examples:
• Injuries of a minor nature, i.e. sprains, small fractures, minor lacerations, etc.
• Obviously mortal wounds where death appears reasonably certain.
• Obviously dead.

Front 107

9 Line CasEvac/MedEvac Request

Back 107

STOPPED HERE