Phase Ii Exam I

Front 1

Reactive Profiling

Back 1

- What happens after an event already took place
-

Front 2

Proactive Profiling

Back 2

Identify and interdict an event before it happens

Front 3

How to speed up the process of profiling

Back 3

- Establishing a baseline for your environment (Reasonable expectation of what should be normal

- Proactively hunt anomalies in the baseline

- BASELINE + ANOMALIES = DECISION

Front 4

After making a profiling decision there are four options:

Back 4

1) Kill It
2) Capture It
3 Contact it
4) Let it go

Front 5

Heuristics

Back 5

- A tactical Shortcut
- Just enough information to draw a reasonable conclusion

Front 6

baseline

Back 6

- a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
- Baselines need to be constantly updated

- Represents the Observe and Orient of Boyd's OODA Loop cyle

Front 7

Anomaly

Back 7

- Any that deviates from the baseline (rises above or below
- represents the "orient" phase of Boyd's OODA Loop cycle

Front 8

Individual Indicators (Combat Profiling)

Back 8

Ways of communicating without actually speaking

Front 9

Environmental Indicators (Combat Profiling)

Back 9

domains based upon the interactions between different people and their surroundings

Front 10

Two subcategories used to profile anomalies (included within these two subcategories are the six domains

Back 10

1) Individual Indicators
2) Environmental indicators

Front 11

Context (Combat Profiling)

Back 11

The background, environment, framework, setting, or situation surrounding an event or occurence

Front 12

Biometrics (Profiling domains)

Back 12

- The interpretation of physiological reactions which are instinctive, autonomic, unlearned reactions to stimuli

- impossible to fake

- Examples include Histamines (redness, swelling, sweating, and fixed pupils

Front 13

Kinesics (Profiling Domain)

Back 13

- The interpretation of body movements, facial expressions, gestures, etc. (includes grooming and positioning of body in space)

- May be 1) Learned - based on where we grew up 2) innate - what we are born with 3) mixed

Front 14

Six Profiling Domain

Back 14

1) Heuristics
2) Kinesics
3) Biometrics
4) Proxemics
5) Atmospherics
6) Geographics

Front 15

Proxemics (Profiling Domain)

Back 15

The interpretations of spatial relationships within the context of social norms, tactical considerations, and Psycho-social factors IOT determine the dynamics of human interaction and reactions to their surroundings

Front 16

Relative Distances in Proxemics

Back 16

1) Intimate (less than 6 inches)
2) Personal (1.5-2.5 ft; amongst friends)
3) Social (4-7 ft; interaction amongst acquaintances)
4) Public (12-25 ft for close phase; 25 ft or more for far phase)

Front 17

Proxemic Push

Back 17

natural tendency for a person or group of people to move away from other people/objects which are unfamiliar or are perceived as threat

Front 18

Proxemic Pull

Back 18

natural tendency for a person or a group of people to be attracted to other people, object, or areas which are familiar and perceived as friendly to them

Front 19

Proximity negates skill

Back 19

The closer you are the less skill is needed to harm or kill you

Observe at great distances negates this

Front 20

Person of Interest Indicators

Back 20

1) Adoration
2) Mimicry
3) Entourage
4) Direction

Front 21

Interpreting Atmospherics (Profiling Domain)

Back 21

The interpretation of environmental mood consciusly through the five senses and subconsciously through intuition

- How a place looks, sounds, tastes, feels and smells

Front 22

Interpreting Geographics (Profiling Domain)

Back 22

The study of thephysical geography/weather of an area nad the Human Terrain within this area

- the interpretation of the relationship between people and their physical surrounding to determine the significant of social interactions as it relates to their motivations

- Habitual areas - Areas where most people in a given group would frequent without reservation (public areas)

- Anchor Points - Areas where only certain individuals within a given group would frequent without reservation; where they would be comfortable

Front 23

Geographics are a combination of two specific items:

Back 23

1) The geographical terrain
2) The inhabitants (Human terrain)

Front 24

The "Combat Rule of Threes"

Back 24

When three anomalies are detected, a decision must be made

Front 25

ASCOPE

Back 25

Areas, Structures, Capabilities, Organizations, People, and events

Front 26

BAMCIS

Back 26

Definition: A sequence of events tactical units leaders use to plan most tactical operations

Begin the Planning
Arrange Reconnaissance
Make Reconnaissance
Complete the Plan
Issue the Order
Supervise

Front 27

COA

Back 27

Cours of Action

Front 28

DRAW-D: Capabilities and Limitations

Back 28

Under what conditions can the enemy:
Defend
Reinforce
Attack
Withdraw
Delay

Front 29

EMLCOA

Back 29

Enemy's Most Likely Course of Action

Front 30

FSP

Back 30

Fire Support Plan - outlines the supporting fires that will aid in your execution of the SOM

Front 31

METT-TC

Back 31

Mission
Enemy
Terrain and Weather
Troops and Support
Time/space/logistics
Civilian Considerations

Front 32

OCOKA-W

Back 32

Observation
Cover and Concealment
Obstacles
Key Terrain
Avenues of Approach
Weather

Front 33

PCC/PCI

Back 33

Pre-Combat Checks/Pre-Combat Inspections

Front 34

SALUTE

Back 34

- Composition, Disposition, Strengths
- generally facts we know about the enemy
- focus primarily on the enemy we are encountering
Size
Activity
Location
Unit
Time

Front 35

SOM

Back 35

Scheme of Manuever

Front 36

TCM

Back 36

Tactical Control Measures

Front 37

Begin Planning (BAMCIS)

Back 37

Execute the tactical thought process (Also reflected below)

METT-TC > EMLCOA > EXP > SOM > FSP > Tasks

Front 38

Arrange Reconnaissance (BAMCIS)

Back 38

- Methods and Assumptions
- Plan recon to answer remaining questions about enemy
- Make assumptions and the tentative SOM

Front 39

Make Reconnaissance (BAMCIS)

Back 39

- Confirm/deny assumptions

Front 40

Complete the plan (BAMCIS)

Back 40

- Update plan based on new info
- Revisit the tactical thought process with info collected during recon

Front 41

Issue the order (BAMCIS)

Back 41

Issue new plan
- effectively communicate the plan over a terrain model

Front 42

Supervise (BAMCIS)

Back 42

Supervise subordinates execution of orders through the completion of the mission

Front 43

Terrain and Weather (BAMCIS)

Back 43

Observation - influence of terrain on visual recon and target acquisition

Cover and Concealment - Cover is protection from effects of fires. Concealment is protection from observation or target acquisition

Obstacles - any natural or manmade obstructions that canalize, delay, restrict, or divert the maneuver or mvmnt force

** understand the effects that these have on friendly / enemy SOM ***

Key terrain - any area whose seizure, retention, or control affords a marked tactical advantage to either combatant.

Avenues of approach - movement routes to an objective

weather - temp/humidity, precipitation, wind, clouds, and visibility

- Needs to be from both the enemy and friendly perspective

- briefed in the orientation paragraph of the Op Order

Front 44

Troops and Fire Support (BAMCIS)

Back 44

- Organic > what capabilities and limitations do your own assets posses

- Attachements/Detachments > What units/assets will be added or taken away and how will it affect mission accomplishment

- Fire Support Available > Identify all information relating to supporting fires (azimuths, locations, contact info, employment, and PRIORITY OF FIRES)

-Higher and Adjacent Units > Identify higher and adjacent units SOM and what influence they will have on your SOM

Front 45

Time/Space/Logisitics

Back 45

Time - Understand time required versus time available (drives planning and execution)
- Can use reverse planning
- One Third, Two Thirds Rule

- leader devotes 1/3 of the available time to those tasks he must directly supervise leaving 2/3 of the time to his subordinates to accomplish tasks of which he does not need to have direct supervision

SPACE - Understand your AO, TCM, FSCM (Fire support coordination measures), ACM (Air Control Measures

LOGISITICS - Identify the required resources in order to accomplish the mission from crossing the LD through consolidation

Front 46

EXP

Back 46

Exploitation Plan

Front 47

Arrange for Reconnaissance

Back 47

1) Identify what questions you need answered and in what order
-validate enemy position, orientation, and activity
2) Identify assets available to do recon
3) Determine most effective available means of recon
4) identify recon patrol leadership you will bring with you

Front 48

Make Reconnaissance

Back 48

You must get eyes on the enemy; answer remaining questions; validate your assumptions

Front 49

Complete the Plan

Back 49

Revisit the Tactical Thought Process using the info gained from the recon

*Do not fall in love with your plan

Front 50

Issue the order

Back 50

Be confident, succinct, clear communication of your plan over a terrain model (paint the picture)

Front 51

Supervise

Back 51

Supervision occurs through to the end of the mission. Do not assume your subordinates are executing in a fashion that meets your standards

Front 52

M224 60mm Mortar

Back 52

- smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon.

- 3 M224 Mortars make up a mortar section

-

Front 53

M252 81mm Mortar

Back 53

- Medium extended range mortar

- Crew served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon.

- Fired in indirect fire mode and utilizes the FDC

- Accurate from ranges 4500m - 5700m

- BAD (Blast Attenuation Device)

- Ideally suited to support light infantry

Front 54

Marine Artillery mission and 3 key tasks

Back 54

- Integrate and deliver lethal and non-lethal fires to enable oing and manuever commanders to dominate their operational environment across the spectrum of operations

1) Provide close and continuous fire support to the maneuver units
2) Deliver counter fire within the range of our weapon systems to ensure freedom of movement
3) Give depth to the battlefield

Front 55

Arty regiments instructions

Back 55

10th Marines (4 bn/1Hdqtrs) within 2nd MARDIV
11th Marines (4 bn/1Hdqtrs) within the 1st MARDIV
12th Marines (1 bn/1 Hdqtrs) within 3rd MARDIV
14th Marines (Reserve regiment, 4th MARDIV

Front 56

Arty Bn

Back 56

Basic tactical unit for artillery

- includes 1 Hdqtrs batter and 3 firing batters (six howitzers/battery) ; 18 howitzers in the battalion; 7 Marines per cannon

Front 57

Headquarters Battery (Arty)

Back 57

provides equipment and personnel to asset the battalion commander in controlling and supporting the battalion

Front 58

3 Missions of Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS)

Back 58

- to support the assault of an objective by destroying or neutralizing:

- Shore installations that oppose the approach of ships and aircraft
- Defenses that oppose the 1) Actual landing of the landing force 2) To provide support for the advance of the landing force ashore

Front 59

Marine Aviation Ordnance

Back 59

Bombs, Missiles, Rockets, Guns

Front 60

13 Principals of Fire Support Planning

Back 60

1) Plan Early and Continuously
2) Exploit all available targeting assets
3) Consider the use of all available fires
4) Use the lowest echelon capable of furnishing efective fire support
use the most effective fire support means
Furish the type of fire support requested
Avoid unnecessary duplication
Coordinate airspace
Provide Adequate fire support
Provide rapid coordination
Provide safeguards and survivability
establish fire support coordination measures
Establish communications support

Front 61

Purpose of fire support planning

Back 61

1) Achieve effectiveness and efficiency from fire support assets in meeting fire support requirement of the force

2) Determine the proper allocation of fire support

Front 62

Company Fire Support Coordination

Back 62

Rifle Company Commander ultimately responsible for fire support coordination at company level

Front 63

Targeting: Fire Support Planning

Back 63

- Process of selecting targets

Front 64

Target: Fire Support Planning

Back 64

a geographical area, complex, or installation planned for capture or destruction by military forces

- Order of precedence for targets:

1) Known enemy positions
2) suspected enemy positions
3) Likely enemy positions

Front 65

List of Targets: Fire Support Planning

Back 65

contains all targets the subordinate commander feels need to be engaged by IDF

Front 66

Target List Fire Support Planning

Back 66

Formal document created at the highest level of command

Front 67

Target Numbering System: Fire Support Planning

Back 67

Target number contains six characters:

- two letters (originator of the target number and/or level holding the target data) and four numbers

Front 68

Fire Support Coordination Measures (FSCM's)

Back 68

- Designed to provide safeguards for friendlies
- facilitate rapid engagement of targets

Two Broad categories:
1) Permissive - no further coord. require, attack of targets
2) Restrictive - imposes requirements for spec. coordination. provide safeguards for friendly forces

- Fire Support Coordinator (FSC) responsible for recommending establishment of FSCM's

Front 69

Ambush (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 69

A surprise attack by fire from concealed psoitions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy

Front 70

Attack by Fire (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 70

Fires (direct/indirect) destroy the enemy from a distance, normally used withn the mission does not require or support occupation of the objective

Front 71

Block (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 71

To deny the enemy access to a given area or to prevent enemy advance in a given direction or on an avenue of approach.

Front 72

Breach (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 72

To Break through or secure a passage through a natural or enemy obstacle

Front 73

Bypass (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 73

To maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of an advance.

Front 74

Canalize (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 74

The use of existing or reinforcing obstacles or fires to restrict enemy operations to a narrow zone.

Front 75

Contain (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 75

To stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to keep the enemy in a given area and prevent his withdrawing any part of his forces for use elsewhere.

Front 76

Defeat (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 76

To disrupt or nullify the enemy commander’s plan and overcome his will to fight, thus making him unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action.

Front 77

Destroy (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 77

Physically rendering an enemy force combat-ineffective unless it is reconstituted.

Front 78

Disrupt (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 78

To integrate fires and obstacles to break apart an enemy’s formation and tempo, interrupt his time table, or cause premature commitment or piecemealing of his forces.

Front 79

Exploit (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 79

Take full advantage of success in battle and follow up initial gains; offensive actions that usually follow successful attack and are designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.

Front 80

Feint (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 80

An offensive action involving contact with the enemy to deceive him about the location or time of the actual main offensive action.

Front 81

Fix (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 81

To prevent the enemy from moving any part of his forces either from a specific location or for a specific period of time by holding or surrounding them to prevent their withdrawal for use elsewhere.


Front 82

Interdict (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 82

An action to divert, disrupt, delay or destroy the enemy’s surface military potential before it can be used effectively against friendly forces.

Front 83

Neutralize (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 83

To render the enemy or his resources ineffective or unusable.

Front 84

Penetrate (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 84

To break through the enemy’s defense and disrupt his defensive system.

Front 85

Reconnoiter (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 85

To obtain visual observation or other methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or potential enemy.

Front 86

Rupture (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 86

To create a gap in enemy defensive positions quickly.

Front 87

Support by Fire (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 87

Where a force engages the enemy by direct fire to support a maneuvering force using overwatch or by establishing a base of fire. The supporting force does not capture enemy forces or terrain.

Front 88

Suppress (Enemy Oriented Tactical Tasks)

Back 88

A tactical mission task that results in the temporary degradation of
the performance of a force or weapon system below the level needed to accomplish its mission.

Front 89

M224 60mm Mortar

Back 89

One section
Section leader – Sergeant 0341
• Three squads each with One M224
Three Marines
− Squad leader/Gunner –
Corporal 0341
− Assistant gunner – Lance
Corporal 0341
− Ammunition man –
Private First Class/Private 0341

Item/Weight in Pounds

Cannon M225 - 14.4
Bipod M170 - 15.2
Sight M64 - 2.5
Base plate M7 - 14.4
**Base plate M8 - 3.6
Conventional mode - 46.5
**Handheld mode - 18.0
Min Range - 70m
Max Range - 3,500m
ECR - 30m
Rate of Fire - 30 rounds/min for 4 min
20 rounds/ min afterwards????

Front 90

M252 81mm Mortar

Back 90

- Crew served, smooth bore, muzzle loaded, high angle of fire weapon
- Blast Attenuation Device attached to muzzle
- Weight of total system 89lbs
- Max range 5700m
- ECR 35m
- 1 Plt per Bn, 8 guns per plt, 4 guns per section
-

Front 91

EFSS M327 120mm Mortars

Back 91

- All weather, ground-based, close supporting, accurate, immediately responsive, , and lethal IDF
- Total weight 1601lbs
- Max Range 8135m
- ECR 45m

Front 92

Mortar Capabilities

Back 92

High Volumne of Fire
Highly Responsive assest
Light, mobile, and flexible
Fires from and into defilade
CO's Hip Pocket Arty

Front 93

Mortar Limitations

Back 93

Long time of flight
Ammunition Consumption
multiple displacements

Front 94

M777A2 155 Howitzer

Back 94

Weight - 10,000lbs
Range - 18,100m / 30,100m w/ Rocket Asstd. projectile
Max Rate - 5 RPM
Sustained Rate - 2 RPM

Front 95

HIMARS

Back 95

Range - 30,000m
Ammunition:
1) M31 HE 200lb HE warhead; gps aided; range - 15-84km; accuracy 3m
2) M48 ATACMS - 500lb unitary warhead; range - 70-300km; accuracy - 8m

Front 96

Arty Capabilities

Back 96

maneuvering fires
massing fires
surprise fires
all weather capability
fires from and into defilade
rapid displacement

Front 97

Arty Limitations

Back 97

Reduced effectiveness
Poor Terrain
Close Combat
Air Attack
Ammo/Logistics burden
Not Amphibious
Need Comm
Susceptible to Counter-battery

Front 98

The 3 things Artillery Targets

Back 98

1) KNOWN enemy positions
2) SUSPECTED enemy positions
3) LIKELY enemy positions

Front 99

Two types of targets

Back 99

1) Point Target - 200m or less in length
2) Linear Target - 200-600m in length

Front 100

3 Things Required for a Linear Target

Back 100

1) Grid (to center point)
2) Length
3) Attitude (0-3200 mils)

Front 101

List of Targets vs. Target List

Back 101

List of Targets - YOU generate this. There is no set format. It is submitted to higher as a request to register locations as targets.

Target List - Given to US from higher; contains Target Reference Numbers.

Front 102

General Support

Back 102

Requires a unit to support the force as a whole and be prepared to support any subordinate element.

"3 boxes within field of fire"

Front 103

Direct Support

Back 103

Requires a unit to furnish close and continuous fires to a single supported unit. Supported unit has priority of fires and control of fires.

"one box is focus, two still in field of fire"

Front 104

Attached

Back 104

Placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary. Supported unit has tactical control.

"one box in field of fire"

Front 105

AN / PEQ-15 ATPIAL

Back 105

Advanced Target Pointer Illuminator Aiming Light (ATPIAL), PEQ-15,
provides a highly collimated beam of infrared energy for weapon aiming and an adjustable focus infrared beam for target illumination. This Class 3b laser
device also provides a highly collimated beam of visible energy for weapon aiming.

Front 106

AN / PVS-14

Back 106

14 Oz
Range: 150m (starlight) and 300m (moonlight)
40 degree FOV
Common error: Using a mounted PVS-14 during offensive actions. It is nearly impossible to use a mounted PVS-14 while moving with the weapon.

Front 107

AN/PVQ-31 A/B

Back 107

Alpha - M-16
Bravo - M-4

5.8 inches
15.3 oz
4 X magnification
7 degree FOV at 100m