Pharynx And Larynx, Nasal Cavity

Front 1

What muscle fills in the pterygoid fossa? What makes the pterygoid fossa?

Back 1

Pterygoid fossa is the space between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates. The <b>tensor palati</b> muscle fills it in.

Front 2

Where is the tensor and levator palati muscles located with respect to the superior constrictor muscle?

Back 2

Superior.

Front 3

What structures are found between the superior and middle constrictors?

Back 3

Stylopharyngeus m., CN IX (it innervates the stylopharyngeus), and Stylohyoid lig

Front 4

What structures are found between the middle and inferior constrictors?

Back 4

Internal branch of sup laryngeal n., superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery)

Front 5

What is the pterygoid hamulus? What muscle is associated with it?

Back 5

It's a curvature of the <b>medial</b> pterygoid plate. The tendon of the Tensor veli palatini glides over it.

Front 6

What does the pharynx receive superiorly?

Back 6

Nasal choanae (posterior part). This part is called the nasopharynx

Front 7

What is the region of the pharynx that can be visualized when a human opens its mouth?

Back 7

Oropharynx. Basically, the back of the throat.

Front 8

What is the structure between the larynx and pharynx? (Lateral to larynx, medial to pharynx)

Back 8

Piriform recess

Front 9

What structure extends inferiorly from the torus tubarus?

Back 9

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Front 10

What are the two spaces between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds?

Back 10

Valleculae

Front 11

What muscles attach to the pterygomandibular raphe?

Back 11

Anteriorly - buccinator
Posteriorly - Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 12

What structures pass superior to superior constrictor?

Back 12

Levator veli palatine and auditory tube

Front 13

What structure passes inferior to inferior constrictor m.?

Back 13

Recurrent laryngeal n

Front 14

What are the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Back 14

Salpingopharyngeus, Palatopharyngeus, and Stylopharyngeus

Front 15

From the medial view, what muscle looks like it is being poured out of a tube?

Back 15

Levator veli palati

Front 16

What nerves are in the pharyngeal plexus?

Back 16

A combination of cranial nerves and sympathetics

Front 17

What nerves do motor innervation of pharynx?

Back 17

Mostly vagus.
Exceptions:
1) Stylopharyngeus: CN IX
2) Tensor palati: CN V3

Front 18

What does sensory innervation for the superior aspect of nasopharynx? Most of the remaining?

Back 18

Pharyngeal n., branch of V2. Most of remaining is done by glossopharyngeal.

Front 19

What innervates the entrance to the larynx, including aryepiglottic folds?

Back 19

Internal laryngeal n., branch of vagus.

Front 20

What arteries supply the pharynx?

Back 20

1) Ascending pharyngeal (branch of external carotid a.)

2) Small tonsilar and palatine branches of Facial a.

3) descending palating (branch of maxillary)

4) Pharyngeal a (from maxillary)

5) Superior thyroid (from external carotid)

6) Inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk)

Front 21

What are the 3 functions of the larynx?

Back 21

1) Vocalization
2) Connects with oropharynx with trachea for respiration (conducts air)
3) Serves as valve to protect airway during swallowing

Front 22

What membrane extends from the hyoid to thyroid cartilage?

Back 22

Thyrohyoid membrane

Front 23

What muscle covers the thyrohyoid membrane?

Back 23

Thyrohyoid m

Front 24

What n and a pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?

Back 24

Superior laryngeal a.; Internal laryngeal n. (branch of superior laryngeal n., which is a branch of the vagus)

Front 25

What part of the thyroid cartilage projects prominently in men?

Back 25

Laryngeal prominence (the base of the thyroid notch)

Front 26

What membrane extends superiorly from the inside of the cricoid cartilage and contributes to the conus elasticus of the vocal fold?

Back 26

Cricothyroid membrane

Front 27

What are the paired pyramidal shaped cartilages integral for vocal production?

Back 27

Arytenoid cartilages

Front 28

Name the structures

Back 28

1. Epiglottis
2. Arytenoid cartilage
3. Corniculate cartilage
4. Aryepiglottic fold

Front 29

What is the space between the vocal folds called?

Back 29

Rima glottidis

Front 30

What is the area between the true and false vocal folds?

Back 30

Ventricle of larynx

Front 31

What is the quadrangular membrane?

Back 31

A membrane extending up from the false vocal folds. Superior boundary is aryepiglottic fold, anterior boundary is epiglottic cartilage, posterior boundary is arytenoid cartilage

Front 32

What is the only extrinsic muscle of larynx?

Back 32

Cricothyroid

Front 33

What does the cricothyroid do? Is it found anterior or posterior to arytenoid cartilage?

Back 33

Tenses the vocal cord by rocking the thyroid cartilage forward on the cricoid. Found anterior to aryternoid cartilage

Front 34

What is the relationship of these muscles to each other (which one is anterior and posterior)?

1) Cricothyroid
2) Cricoarytenoid

Back 34

Cricothyroid is anterior to Cricoarytenoid

Front 35

What does posterior cricoarytenoid do?

Back 35

It pulls the aryternoids outwardly, thus opening the rima glottidis (space between vocal folds).

Front 36

What does lateral cricoarytenoid do?

Back 36

Rotates arytenoids in direction opposite to that of posterior cricoarytenoids, thus closing the rima glottidis

Front 37

What does the arytenoideus (transverse and oblique) do?

Back 37

It stretches from the posterior border of the arytenoid cartilages.It slides the aryternoids together in a medial motion, closing the rima glottidis

Front 38

What muscle tenses the aryepiglottic fold, drawing it to the opposite aryepiglottic fold thereby assisting in closing the entrance to the larynx? (Impt for swallowing without choking)

Back 38

Aryepiglotticus

Front 39

What is the motor innervation for all intrinsic muscles of larynx?

Back 39

Vagus via Recurrent Laryngeal N

Front 40

What is the motor innervation for the extrinsic muscle of larynx? (Hint: there's only one)

Back 40

External Laryngeal N. from the superior laryngeal n.

This innervates the cricothyroid

Front 41

What is the blood supply of larynx?

Back 41

Above true vocal folds: <b>Superior Laryngeal, a branch of Superior Thyroid a</b>, from external carotid.

Area below true vocal folds: <b>Inferior laryngeal a., branch of thyrocervical trunk</b>.

Front 42

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

Back 42

Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, body of sphenoid. Basically the floor of the anterior fossa.

Front 43

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

Back 43

Superior aspect of hard palate, with contributions from maxillary and palatine bones.

Front 44

What is the medial wall of nasal cavity?

Back 44

The nasal septum, found in midline.

Front 45

What is the blood supply of septum?

Back 45

Anterior and posterior ethmoid artery (from Ophthalmic A)

Medial posterior nasal a.

nasopalatine a.

Septal branch of superior labial a.

Front 46

What is the nerve supply of the septum?

Back 46

Anterior ethmoid n (from V1)

Nasopalatine n. and Medial (septal) posterior nasal n (from sphenopalatine n) from V2

CN I (olfactory) superiorly

Front 47

What are the nasal conchae/turbinates?

Back 47

Projectsion of the lateral nasal wall itno the nasal cavity. They have a bony core and are covered witha highly vascularized mucosa that aids in warming and moistening inspired air. There are three of them.

Front 48

What are the meati?

Back 48

The spaces inferior and lateral to each turbinate.

Front 49

Where is:
1:sphenoethmoidal recess?
2: Superior meatus?
3: Middle meatus?
4: Inferior meatus?

Back 49

1: Above superior turbinate
2: Below superior turbinate
3: Below middle turbinate
4: Below inferior turbinate

Front 50

Where does the sphenoethmoidal recess open into?

Back 50

The sphenoid sinus

Front 51

Where does the superior meatus open into?

Back 51

Posterior ethmoid sinus

Front 52

What does the hiatus semilunaris open into?

Back 52

Anterior ethmoid sinuses; Frontal sinus via frontonasal duct to anterior portion of hiatus; Maxillary sinus thru posterior portion of hiatus

Front 53

What does the sphenopalatine foramen transmit?

Back 53

Sphenopalatine a and n

Front 54

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Back 54

1) Maxillary sinus (from hiatus semilunaris)
2) Ethmoid sinus
3) Frontal sinus
4) Sphenoid sinus

Front 55

What does the frontal sinus drain into?

Back 55

Middle meatus

Front 56

What is a possible cause of anosmia from traumatic brain injury?

Back 56

Shearing of olfactory nerves as they pass thru cribriform plate.

Front 57

What nerve supplies the antero-superior nasal septum?

Back 57

Anterior ethmoidal nerve (branch of V1)

Front 58

What nerve supplies the postero-inferior nasal septum?

Back 58

Nasopalatine nerve. It's coming out of the pterygopalatine ganglion, ultimately from V2

Front 59

What is above and below (sup and inf) the semilunar hiatus?

Back 59

SUPERIOR: Ethmoidal bulla (contains ethmoidal air cells)

INFERIOR: Uncinate process of ethmoid bone