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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malaria is transmitted by what vector?
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Anopheles mosquito
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What is the hallmark of malaria?
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cyclic fevers (q48-72hours)
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The "hot" phase lasts several hours and coincides with what?
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rupture of schizonts
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Diagnosis of malaria
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1. blood smears q12-24hours x3 days
2. DNA and RNA probes |
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Malaria prophylaxis
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Chloroquine
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Malaria prophylaxis if area of travel has endemic Plasmodium vivax or P. ovale
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Add primaquine for 14 days beginning last 2 weeks of chloroquine prophylaxis
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Malaria prophylaxis in areas with chloroquine resistant P. falciparum
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Mefloquine
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Malaria preferred therapy (except P. falciparum)
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Chloroquine
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Malaria preferred therapy if unable to take PO (except P. falciparum)
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Quinidine gluconate until able to take PO quinine
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Malaria therapy for P. falciparum
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a. Mefloquine
b. Atovaquone |
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Clinical presentation of Amebiasis
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-Bloody diarrhea w/ mucus
-abdominal pain -liver abscess |
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Amebiasis diagnosis
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1. Eosinophilia usually absent
2. E. histolytica or trophozites in fresh stool 3. ELISA (mabs) |
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Amebiasis treatment for minimal symptoms
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1. Metronidazole
2. Iodoquinol 3. Paromomycin |
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Amebiasis treatment for moderate to severe symptoms
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Metronidazole
FOLLOWED BY: a. iodoquinol b. paramomycin |
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Giardiasis clinical presentation acute and chronic
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A: Diarrhea, cramp-like abd.pain
C: Large amounts of stool; foul-smelling, light-colored, and fatty; weight loss; Vitamin ADEK and B12 deficiency |
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Giardiasis diagnosis
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1. fresh stool culture show trophozites
2. preserved stool show cysts 3. MAB 4. Nylon string test |
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Giardiasis treatment
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>8years= metronidazole
<8years= metronidazole (albendazole 2nd line) |
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Leishmaniasis vector
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Sandfly
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Leishmaniasis clincial presentation
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Visceral, Cutaneous, or mucocutaneous
V: papule which ulcerates -> dissemination -> abd distension, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, chills C: raised ulcer persists for months to years M: mutilating infections involve nose, soft palate, trachea |
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Leishmaniasis diagnosis
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Leishmaniasis in TISSUE or BONE
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Lesihmaniasis treatment
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Sodium stibogluconate
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American Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's disease) transmitted by what?
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Reduviid bug
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American Trypanosomiasis clinical presentation
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-Unilateral orbital edema
-Granuloma or Chagoma at site of entry Chronic: -cardiomyopathy -CHF -CNS dx -Uncoordinated peristalsis |
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American Trypanosomiasis diagnosis
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1. finding trypanosoma cruzi
2. ELISA 3. Complement fixation |
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American Trypanosomiasis treatment
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Nifurtimox
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Helminthic diseases- HOOKWORM clinical presentation
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-IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA 2ndary to blood loss and malabsorption of iron
-Abd pain -diarrhea |
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HOOKWORM diagonsis
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direct fecal smear to examine for eggs
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HOOKWORM treatment
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a. Albendazole
b. Mebendazole |
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Helminthic diseases- ASCARIASIS clincial presentation
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-Pulmonary sxs
-GI obstruction -Malabsorption |
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ASCARIASIS diagnosis
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direct fecal smear to examine for eggs
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ASCARIASIS treatment
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a. Albendazole
b. Mebendazole |
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Helminthic infections- ENTEROBIASIS clinical presentatio\n
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-PERIANAL IRRITATION/ITCHING
-2NDARY BACTERIAL INFECTION |
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ENTEROBIASIS diagnosis
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Perianal swab using scotch tape then examine for eggs
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ENTEROBIASIS treatment
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a. Pyrantel pamoate
b. Mebendazole c. Albendazole |
