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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cholinergic agonist treatment for atonic bladder
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Bethanechol
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These cholinergic agonists can cross the BBB causing CNS side effects
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Pilocarpine
Physostigmine |
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Drug of choice to decrease intra ocular pressure of both types of glaucoma
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Pilocarpine (cholinergic agonist that crosses BBB)
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Antidote for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers and DOC for myasthenia gravis
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Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine (Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors) |
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Edrophonium is used for diagnosis of
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Myasthenia gravis
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Irreversible organophosphates that covalently bind to AchE causing confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, coma, death, etc.
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Echotiophate
Malathoin Parathion Soman Tabun Sarin |
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Antidote for organophosphate poisoning
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Atropine + Pralidoxime
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Tacrine MOA and Clinical use
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Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's Disease
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Toxic effects of Atropine
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Dry as a bone
Blind as a bat Red as a beet Hot as a hare Mad as a hatter |
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Cholinergic antagonist for motion sickness
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Scopolamine
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Cholinergic antagonist used for COPD and Asthma
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Ipratropium
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Anti-cholinergic used for Parkinson's disease
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Benztropine
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Drug of choice for motion sickness
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Scopolamine
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Drug of choice for bronchospasm and anaphylaxis
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Epinephrine
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Adrenergic agonist that acts of a1>b1>>b2
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Norepinephrine
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Adrenergic agonist that acts on a1>b2>b1
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Epinephrine
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Adrenergic agonist that only works on beta receptors and is used as a bronchodilator and decreases peripheral resistance and stimulates the heart
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Isoproterenol
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Drugs used in cardiogenic shock that acts on DA>b1>a1 receptors and can lead to peripheral ischemia/gangrene
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Dopamine
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Direct a agonist mostly bound to a1
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Phenylephrine
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Directly stimulates a2 receptors (inhibiting NE release). Used to treat HTN and withdrawal
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Clonidine
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Drug to decrease sympathetic activity and help with withdrawal symptoms from opiates, cigarettes and benzos
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Clonidine
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Side effects and withdrawal symptoms of Clonidine
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Side effects:
Sedation Orthostatic hypotension Withdrawal symptoms: Elevated BP Tachycardia Tremors and sweating |
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b2 agonist used for premature labor
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Terbutaline
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Amphetamine 9methylphenidate) and tyramine's MOA
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Stimulates release of NE from nerve terminal
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MOA of cocaine (used as a local anesthetic)
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Inhibits reuptake of NE
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Non-selective beta blocker used for glaucoma and works by inhibiting production of aqueous humor by the ciliary body
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Timolol
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Selective H1 antagonists that do not cause sedation, do not cross BBB
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Loratidine
Cetirizine |
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Major hormonal complication of Cimetidine (Tagamet), a selective H2 blocker for GERD
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Gynecomastia
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H2 blockers other than Cimetidine (most side effects)
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Ranitidine (Zantac)
Famotidine (Pepcid) Nizatidine (Axid) |
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MOA and clinical use of Odansetron
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5-HT3 receptor blocker used as an anti-emetic in cancer
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MOA and clinical use of Buspirone
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5-HT1a partial agonist for anti-anxiety
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MOA and clinical use of Theophylline
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Adenosine receptor antagonist that interfere with Ca2+ binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum, and inhibits cAMP and cGMP levels. For Asthma.
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Side effects of Theophylline
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Anxiety, insomnia, arrhythmias
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PGE 1 analog to inhibit gastric acid and gastrin secretion. Used in abortions in 1st trimester when combined with Mifepristone
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Misoprostol
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An overdose of aspirin can cause this metabolic disorder
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Mixed acid base disorder
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COX inhibitor used for closing ductus arteriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, gouty arthritis and decreasing pre-term uterine contraction
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Indomethacin
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Antidote for Acetaminophen overdose
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Acetylcystine
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This alkylating agent used in Burkitt's lymphoma and breast cancer is a pro-drug activated by P450
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Cyclophosphamide
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MOA and clinical use of Carmustine and Lomustine
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Cross BBB and alkylate DNA to inhibit replication. Used for malignant gliomas
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These alkylating agents for testicular, ovarian, and bladder cancer are nephrotoxic, ototoxic, and neurotoxic
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Cisplatin
Carboplatin |
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MOA of Methotrexate
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
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Clinical uses of Methotrexate
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ALL
Choriocarcinoma Burkitt's Lymphoma Breast cancer Head and neck cancer Psoriasis RA |
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Side effects of Methotrexate
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Bone marrow toxicity
GI disturbances Urticaria and Alopecia Renal damage and hepatic fibrosis N/V/D |
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MOA and clinical use of 5-fluorouracil
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Activated to fluoro-dUMP, a fake nucleotide that inhibits DNA synthesis. For solid tumors (colon cancer)
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Three drugs used in Testicular cancer
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Bleomycin (G2 phase specific)
Cisplatin Vinblastine (M-phase specific) |
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MOA of Vincristine and Vinblastine
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Prevents assembly of microtubules from tubilin to block mitosis. M-phase specific, blocks metaphase to stop cell prolipheration
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M-phase specific anti-cancer drug used for Breast and Ovarian cancer
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Taxol
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Clinical use of Asparaginase
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For ALL, to decrease rapidly growing leukemias that show nutritional requirement for asparagine
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This T-helper cell inhibitor in organ transplant patients is nephrotoxic and causes gingival hyperplasia
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Cyclosporin A
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Drug similar to cyclosporin A but with less side effects, used in liver transplant patients
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FK506
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These drugs suppress cough through the CNS cough center
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Codeine
Dextromethorphan |
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Side effects of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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Steven-Johnson Syndrome
Hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients Kernicterus in neonates |
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Antibiotic that can cause interstitial nephritis
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Methicillin
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Drug of choice for Gram + bacteria
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Ampicillin
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This antibiotic can cause Fanconi-like syndrome and photosensitivity
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Tetracycline
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This antibiotic can cause vestibular toxicity
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Minocycline
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Chloramphenicol's MOA and is the drug of choice for?
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Binds to 50S ribosome to inhibit peptide bond formation by inhibiting peptidyl transferase
DOC for Salmonella typhi |
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Antibiotic that causes Grey Baby syndrome and aplastic anemia
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Cloramphenicol
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Drug of choice for atypical pneumonias
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Erythromycin
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Drug for acne vulgaris and bacteriodes fragilis that causes pseudomembranous colitis
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Clindamycin
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Aminoglycoside that is resistant to aminoglycoside inactivating enzyme produced by Gram - bacteria
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Amikacin
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These antibiotics are ototoxic, nephrotoxic, and cause neuromuscular blockade
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Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin)
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Main side effect of the anti-fungal Amphotericin B (which has a low therapeutic index)
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Nephrotoxicity
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MOA and clinical use of Flucytosine
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Inhibitis thymidine synthetase acts as an anti-fungal in cryptococcal meningitis or candida infections
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Drug of choice for non-meningeal blastomycosis, paracoccidiomycosis, and coccidiomycosis
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Ketoconazole
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Side effects of Ketoconazole
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Inhibits P450, inhibits steroid synthesis, decreases libido and causes gynecomastia
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Drug of choice for oral thrush
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Clotrimazole-gynelotramin
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MOA and clinical use of Griseofulvin
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Interacts with microtubules in dermatophyte to disrupt mitotic spindles and inhibiting mitosis. For dermatophytes (microsporum, epidermophyton, trichophyton)
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Drug of choice for CMV
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Gancyclovir
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Activation of Acyclovir
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Activated by viral thymidine kinases. Causes premature viral DNA chain termination.
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MOA of Azidothymidine (AZT)
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DNA terminator. Inhibits viral reverse transcriptase, terminates DNA synthesis and replication
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Drug that inhibits viral DNA and RNA synthesis by inducing protein kinase which blocks peptide chain. Can cause flu-like symptoms
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Interferon
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Drug to treat Hep B, C, Kaposi's sarcoma, hairy cell leukemia, and HPV-genital warts that causes flu like symptoms
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Interferon
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MOA and clinical use of Foscarnet
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Phosphate analog. Inhibits DNA polymerase without being phosphorylated. 2nd drug of choice for CMV. HIV.
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2nd drug of choice for CMV
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Foscarnet
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Drug of choice for RSV
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Ribavirin
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Pregnant women with RSV cannot be treated with
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Ribavirin (contraindicated in pregnancy)
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Diuretic used to decrease intracranial pressure in cerebral edema
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Mannitol
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MOA, side effects, and clinical use of Acetozolamide
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic. Blocks carbonic anhydrase at proximal tubule. Excrete lots of K+, Na+, and HCO3-. Side effects are hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis and renal stone formation
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MOA of loop diuretics (Furosemide, Budesonid, Ethacrynic acid)
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Inhibits Na:K:2Cl pump in thick ascending loop of Henle. Will waste Ca2+ and Mg2+
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Which diuretics are ototoxic
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Furosemide (Loop diuretics)
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MOA and clinical use of Chlorothiazide
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Blocks NaCl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule. For kidney stones (decreases calcium excretion)
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Side effects of Thiazide diuretics
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Hyperglycemia, digitalis toxicity, increased cholesterol and TAGs
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MOA and side effects of Spironolactone
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K+ sparing diuretic. Aldosterone antagonist (blocks Na+ reabsorption and K+ wasting). Causes hyperkalemia and hynecomastia
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K+ sparing diuretic that is NOT an aldosterone antagonist
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Triamterene
Amiloride |
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Treatment for diabetes insipidus
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Arginine
Vasopressin |
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Verapamil
Diltiazem Difedipine |
Ca2+ channel blockers
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MOA and clinical use of PGE2/PGF2a
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Induce uterine contractions and abortion
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Induces labor in a ready cervix and helps expel afterbirth
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Oxytocin
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MOA and clinical use of Ergonovine
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Causes constant uterine contractions and expulsion of afterbirth and prevents hemorrhage post-partum
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MOA and clinical use of Ritodrine
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b2 agonist to increase cAMP to relax smooth muscle of uterus. Prevents premature labor
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You see a first dose phenomenon of weakness and syncope 1 hour after giving this alpha 1 blocker
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Prazosin
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This alpha 2 agonist treats HTN in pregnancy, but can cause Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia
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Methyldopa
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Gold standard treatment for severe hypertensive crisis when in combination with a beta-blocker
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Sodium nitroprusside
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First line drug for hypertension. Also treats CHF and diabetic nephropathy
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ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enalopril)
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Selective angiotensin receptor blocker to treat HTN in asthmatics
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Losartan
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MOA and clinical use of Nitroglycerine (sublingual)
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Decreases pre-load on heart. Used for angina and CHF
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MOA and clinical use of Digitalis
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Blocks Na/K pump to increase intracellular Ca to increase force of contraction. Also has indirect vagal action to slow AV conduction. Used in CHF, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter and a-fib
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Treatment for digitalis overdose
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Lidocaine, FAB fragments and K supplements
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Digitalis toxicity symptoms
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Arrhythmia, GI-anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, delerium, visual disturbances, gynecomastia
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Drug of choice for treating chronic ventricular tachycardia
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Quinidine
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Wide QRS on an EKG signals toxicity with this drug
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Quinidine
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Arrhythmia with torsade d' pointes is a side effect of this drug
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Quinidine
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Na-channel blocker anti-arrhythmic that can cause SLE-like syndrome
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Procainamide
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Drug of choice for acute ventricular tachycardia
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Lidocaine
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This class III anti-arrhythmic can cause pulmonary fibrosis and grey-man syndrome (caused by iodine accumulation in skin)
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Amiodorone
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Drug of choice for A-fib
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Ca-channel blockers:
Verapamil Diltiazem |
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Drug of choice for atrial tachycardia
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Adenosine
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Somatostatin analog to treat acromegaly, TSH/ACTH secreting tumors, islet cell tumors, carcinoid, and variceal bleeding in the GI system
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Octreotide
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Tolbutamine
Chlopropamide Tolazamide Acetohexamide are examples of |
1st generation oral hypoglycemics for type II diabetes. They enhance pancreatic insulin secretion by closing ATP-dependent K channels causing depolarization
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2nd generation oral hypoglycemics and can cause hypoglycemic crisis but not granulocytopenia
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Glipizide
Glyburirde |
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MOA of Metformin
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Biguanidine. Enhances peripheral glucose utilization, especially in skeletal muscle
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MOA and side effects of Acarbose
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Inhibits alpha-glucosidase to decrease starch absorption from the GI. Causes osmotic diarrhea
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1st drug in hyperthyroid emergencies
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Propylthiouracil (PTU)
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Propylthiouracil side effects
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Agranulocytosis
Rash Pain/stiffness in joints |
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Inhaled steroid to treat asthma
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Beclomethasone
Budesonide |
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Tamoxifen MOA and clinical use
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Estrogen recepto antagonist to treat breast cancer and be prophylaxis
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MOA and clinical use of Mifepristone
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Antagonizes progestin receptor and you lose inhibition of uterine contractions. Causes abortion. Also used to treat Cushing's disease
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MOA of statin drugs (Lovastatin, Simvastatin)
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Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase to decrease cholesterol
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Drug of choice for type IIa and IIb hypercholesterolemia
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Cholestyramine
Colestipol (Bile acid resins) |
