Pharmacology Sympathomimetics

Front 1

Use and mechanism of Epinephrine

Back 1

Direct sympathomimetic; alpha1, alpha2, beta1 (low-doses), beta2 agonist: anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension

Front 2

Use and mechanism of Norepinephrine

Back 2

Direct sympathomimetic; alpha1, alpha2>beta1: hypotension (but decreased renal perfusion)

Front 3

Use and mechanism of Isoproterenol

Back 3

Direct sympathomimetic; beta1=beta2: AV block (rare)

Front 4

Use and mechanism of Dopamine

Back 4

Direct sympathomimetic; D1=D2>beta>alpha, inotropic and chronotropic: shock (increased renal perfusion), heart failure

Front 5

Use and mechanism of Dobutamine

Back 5

Direct sympathomimetic; beta1>beta2, inotropic but not chronotropic: shock, heart failure, cardiac stress testing

Front 6

Use and mechanism of Phenylephrine

Back 6

Direct sympathomimetic; alpha1>alpha2: pupillary dilation, vasconstrictionm, nasal decongestion

Front 7

Use and mechanism of Albuterol, terbutaline

Back 7

Direct sympathomimetic; beta2>beta1: albuterol for acute asthma; terbutaline reduces premature uterine contractions

Front 8

Use and mechanism of Ritodrine

Back 8

Direct sympathomimetic; beta2: reduces premature uterine contractions

Front 9

Use and mechanism of Amphetamine

Back 9

Indirect sympathomimetics; indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines: narcolepsy, obesity, attention deficit disorder

Front 10

Use and mechanism of Ephedrine

Back 10

Indirect sympathomimetics; indirect general agonist, releases stored catecholamines: nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

Front 11

Use and mechanism of Cocaine

Back 11

Indirect sympathomimetics; indirect general agonist, uptake inhibitor: causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia

Front 12

Use and mechanism of Clonidine, alpha-methyldopa

Back 12

Sympathoplegics; centrally acting alpha2-agonist, decreased central adrenergic outflow: hypotension, especially with renal disease (no decrease in blood flow to kidney)

Front 13

Selective beta2-agonists

Back 13

MAST: Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Salmeterol, Terbutaline

Front 14

Use, mechanism, and toxicity of Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible) and Phentolamine (reversible)

Back 14

use: pheochromocytoma; mech: nonselective alpha-blocker; toxicity: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

Front 15

Use, mechanism, and toxicity of Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin

Back 15

use: hypertension, urinary retention in BPH; mech: alpha1-selective blocker; toxicity: 1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache

Front 16

Use, mechanism, and toxicity of Mirtazapine

Back 16

use: depression; mech: alpha2-selective blocker; toxicity: sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite

Front 17

Beta-blocker uses

Back 17

Hypertension (decrease CO and decrease renin); Angina pectoris (decrease heart rate and contractility, resulting in decrease O2 consumption); MI; SVT (propranolol, esmolol: decrease AV conduction velocity); CHF; Glaucoma (timilol: decrease decreation of aqueous humor)

Front 18

Beta-blocker toxicity

Back 18

impotence, exacerbation of asthma, cardiovascular adverse effects (bradycardia, AV blcok, CHF), CNS adverse effects (sedation, sleep alterations); use with caution in diabetics

Front 19

Nonselective beta antagonists

Back 19

Propranolol, timolol, nadolol, pindolol, labetalol

Front 20

Beta-1 selective antagonists

Back 20

A BEAM of Beta1-blockers: Acebutolol (partial agonist), Betazolol, Esmolol (short acting), Atenolol, Metoprolol

Front 21

Nonselective alpha- and beta-antagonists

Back 21

Carvedilol, labetalol

Front 22

Partial beta-agonists

Back 22

Acebutolol, pindolol