Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the purpose in changing the side chains of sulfa drugs?
|
affects rate of absorption
excretion and solubility in the urine |
|
What is the essential portion of a sulfa drug?
|
free para amino group
|
|
In general, what do sulfa drugs do to bugs?
|
these are bacteriostatic
and inhibit growth of bacteria |
|
How do you make sulfa drugs bacteriocidal?
|
high concentrations
|
|
What structure do sulfamides mimic?
|
PABA- which is required for synthesis* of bacterial folic acid
|
|
What enzyme does sulfamethoxazole inhibit?
|
Dihydropteroate synthase, this happens by competing with PABA
|
|
What enzyme does trimethoprim inhibit?
|
dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
What bugs do sulfa drugs typically affect?
|
G+ and G-
|
|
What individual bugs are very susceptible to sulfas?
|
E coli, Nocardia, Actinomyceate, Staph A, MRSA, Chlamydia< Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
What diseases are sulfas used to treat (5)
|
UTI's
Nocardia DOC toxoplasmosis trachoma Pneumocystis carnii |
|
What is Sulfasalazine?
|
this is a prodrug* used to treat UC
|
|
What is sulfasalazine made up of?
|
this is a combination of sulfapryidine, and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (mesalalmine)
|
|
What is the ONLY topical sulfa drug?
|
Silver Sulfadiazine
|
|
Can you use sulfas topically in general?
|
No you should not, they cause sensitization and allergic responses
|
|
How are sulfa drugs metabolized and excreted?
|
these are acetylated in the liver, and excreted by the kidney
|
|
What is dangerous about the metabolism of sulfa drugs?
|
these can cause crystalluria- due to the insolubility of acetylated sulfonamides
|
|
What is the drug interaction danger with sulfa drugs?
|
these do protein binding and may displace other things
|
|
What are the dangers of sulfa drugs while pregnant?
|
kernicterus in the nursing infant
|
|
What are the many toxicities of sulfa drugs?
|
Allergy
Blood dyscraisa Kidney/Liver Damage Peripheral nerve damage Stevens Johnson Syndrome Microscopic hematuria |
|
Who should not get sulfa drugs?
|
infants less than 2 months of age
|
|
What makes of Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim)
|
This is TMP-SMX in a fixed ratio of 1:5
|
|
What bugs are Co-Trimoxazole very effective against?
|
P Jiroveci pneumonia
Urinary tract infections prostatitis |
|
What is TMP-SMX the drug of choice in treating*?
|
uncomplicated UTI's
Moraxella catarrhalis infections |
|
What is Sulfadiazine combined with to treat toxoplasmosis?
|
pyrimethamine
|
|
What complication is Sulfadiazine likely to cause?
|
crystalluria
|
|
What is trimethoprim used to treat?
|
recurrent urinary tract infections
|
|
What bugs is trimethoprim effective against?
|
both G+ and G-
|
|
Who should NOT get trimethoprim?
|
this is teratogenic, and should not be used during pregnancy (because this inhibits dihydrofolate reducatase0
|
|
What is Silver Sulfadiazine?
|
this is a topical antiinfective agent to treat second and third degree burns
|
|
How does silver sulfasiazine prevent infections?
|
this does NOT affect folic acid synthesis- rather it damages cell walls/ membranes
|
|
What is Pyrimethamine and Sulfadoxine?
|
this was malaria prophylaxis, but is no longer recommended**
|
|
What does pyrimethamine do?
|
this inhibits parasite dihydrofolate reductase
|