Pharmacology: Se/ae - Interactions - Contradictions

Front 1

EPS- Extrapyramidal Symptoms

Back 1

- abnormal body movements
--- Involuntary fine motor tremors
--- rigidity
--- uncontrollable dystonia
--- acute dystonias
(spastic movements/muscle rigidity____
> affects head, neck, eyes, facial area & limbs) - occur w/in few hrs or months
- r/t CNS meds used to treat mental health disorders

Front 2

CNS stimulation (excitement)

Back 2

- risk for seizures

Front 3

CNS depression

Back 3

- advise not to drive/particpate in other dangerous activites

Front 4

Anticholinergic effects

Back 4

- seen in eye, smooth muscle, exocrine glands and heart
- dry mouth (sip liquids, 2-3 L/day, sugarless gum)
- photophobia (sunglasses)
- urinary retention (pee before meds)
- blurred vision
- constipation (eat high fiber)
- tachycardia

Front 5

Cardiovascular effects

Back 5

- involve blood vessels and heart
- antihypertensives cause orthostatic hypotension

Front 6

GI effects

Back 6

- r/t irritation, stimulation of vomiting center
- NSAIDS cause GI upset ____ (take w/ food)

Front 7

Hematologic effects

Back 7

- potentially life threatening
- bone marrow depression/suppression
> r/t anticancer meds, hemorrhagic disorders, anticoagulants, thrombolitics
- educate s/s of bleeding to pt using anticoagulants
> bruising, petechiae, bleeding gums, discolored urine/stool

Front 8

S/S of bleeding

Back 8

- bruising
- petechiae
- bleeding gums
- discolored urine/stool

Front 9

Hepatotoxicity

Back 9

- liver cells damaged
> resulting in impaired metabolism of medication
- liver function test for meds known to be hepatotoxic at the start of regime and periodically after

Front 10

Nephrotoxicity

Back 10

- damage to kidneys
> medication excretion interfered
- result of
1. Antimicrobial agents
**AMINOGLYCOSIDES**
2. NSAIDS
- Monitor serum Creatinine and BUN

Front 11

Toxicity r/t Tylenol (Acetaminophen)

Back 11

- Liver damage r/t overdose
- risk greater with alcohol use
- antidote: acetylcysetine (Mucomyst)
> minimizes liver damage

Front 12

Tylenol (Acetaminophen) Antidote

Back 12

acetylcysetine (Mucomyst)

Front 13

Anaphylactic reaction

Back 13

- life threatening IMMEDIATE allergic reaction
- S/S include
- respiratory distress
- severe bronchospasms
- cardiovascular collapse
TREAT: epinephrine, bronchodilators, antihistamines
PROVIDE: respiratory support, Inform provider

Front 14

Anaphylactic reaction treatment

Back 14

TREAT: epinephrine, bronchodilators, antihistamines
PROVIDE: respiratory support, Inform provider

Front 15

Immonosuppression

Back 15

- Glucocorticoids depress immune response
- risk for infection___monitor for s/s

Front 16

Diazepam (Valium)

___taken with

hydrocodone bitartrate 5mg/acetaminophen 500mg (Vicodin)

Back 16

- increase side/adverse effects
- both CNS depressant effects thus increase risk for CNS depression

Front 17

Phenytoin (dilantin)

___taken with

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Back 17

- decrease therapeutic effects
{ 1 med increases metabolism of other
= decrease serum level and effectiveness of 2nd med)}
- Phenytoin (dilantin) decreases the effect of warafin (coumadin)

Front 18

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

___taken with

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Back 18

- increases serum levels, leading to toxicity
{ 1 med decrease metabolism of 2nd
= increase serum level of 2nd }
- Fluconazole (Diflucan) inhibits hepatic medication-metabolizing enzymes that affect ariprprazole (Abilify) = increase serum levels of Abilify

Front 19

Antacids --

interfere with...
when to take...

Back 19

- interfere with
> absorption of ranitidine (Zantac) and other meds
- take antacids 1 hr apart form other medications

Front 20

Med Food Interaction:

-Tyramine
-Vitamin K
-Tetracycline

Back 20

-Tyramine
- dont consume with MAOIs, lead to hypertensive crisis
-Vitamin K
- taken with Warfarin (Coumadin) leads to decreas theraputic effect of med
- thus at risk for blood clots
- keep vitamin K intake consistent
-Tetracycline
- interact with a chelating agent (milk)
- do not take tetracycline within 2hrs of consuming any dairy product

Front 21

Pregnancy Risk Categories: A, B, C, D, X

Back 21

A: no risk to fetus

B: no risk to animal fetus
no adequate study in pregnant women

C: adverse effects (AE) seen on animal fetus
no adequate study in pregnant women
use may be warranted r/t potential benefits

D: AE on fetus
use may be warranted r/t potential benefits

X: AE on animal and human fetus
CONTRADICTED during pregnancy

Front 22

Concurrent use

Warfarin (coumadin) with Aspirin

Back 22

- aspirin decrease platelet aggregation
- warafin suppresses coagulation

Result when taken together....
RISK OF BLEEDING