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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when the effects of a drug diminishes rapidly it is known as (desensitization/tolerance/drug resistance)
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desensitization
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when the effects of a drug diminishes gradually it is known as (desensitization/tolerance/drug resistance)
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tolerance
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when the effects of a drug diminishes with anti-microbial drug it is known as (desensitization/tolerance/drug resistance)
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drug resistance
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Loss of receptors is known as
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down regulation
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Reduced affinity for receptors and changes to 2nd messenger system is known as (Pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic)
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Pharmacodynamic
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An increase in metabolism of a drug is known as (Pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic)
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pharmacokinetic
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When isoprenaline is exposed to b-adrenoceptor there is a fall in response thought to be due to
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uncoupling of adenylate cyclase
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Amphetamine acts by causing ___________ release from nerve terminals
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noradrenaline
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What are the 2 examples of drugs which may increase tolerance
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heroin and nicotine
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What is the cause for opioids tolerance?
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Effect 2nd messenger system --> G-proteins and cAMP generation
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What is the cause of nicotine tolerance? Is there an up or down regulation of nicotine receptors in the brain of heavy smokers?
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receptor desensitisation
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Is there an up or down regulation of nicotine receptors in the brain of heavy smokers?
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up-regulation
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What is cross tolerance
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A situation where tolerance to one drug can cause tolerance to related drugs
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Which type of drugs have little tendency to develop tolerance?
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Anxiolytic
Anticonvulsant |
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What are the 2 type of dependences?
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Physcial
Psychological |
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Opioid dependence is characterised by __________ syndrome
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abstinence
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What is the negative reinforcing effect?
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To alleviate withdrawal effect
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What is the positive reinforcing effect?
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To produce desired drug effect
Behaviour induced |
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All dependence-producing drug increases the release of ________ in ________
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dopamine
nucleus accumbens |
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What can block dopamine?
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surgery and D2 antagonist
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