Pharmacology For Nclex Lpn

Front 1

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Back 1

antedote for poisoning [hepatotoxic OD] with acetaminophen (PO w/I 24 hrs)
Prevents or lessens liver damage
Dilute in fruit juice or other beverage
Will make nasal and bronchial secretions watery and facilitate coughing

Front 2

antiemics
Hormones

Back 2

Darepoetin
epoetin

Front 3

antiemics
Iron Supplements

Back 3

Ferros fumarate, gluconate, sulfate, iron dextran, iron polysaccharide, iron sucrose, sodium ferric gluconate complex
w/OJ, not milk, tarry stools, constipation, stains teeth.

Front 4

antianginals
Nitrates

Back 4

Prevent and treat attacks
Dilate coronary arteries, cause systemic vasodilation
End in –ate except nitroglycerin
Many forms, including sublingual

Front 5

antianginals
Calcium Channel Blockers

Back 5

prophylactic
Dilate coronary arteries, some also slow HR
End in –ine; except diltiazem and verapamil

Front 6

antianginals
Beta Blockers-

Back 6

prophylactic
Decrease myocardial oxygen consumption via decrease in heart rate
End in -olol

Front 7

Benzodiazepenes
anti-anxiety

Back 7

End in –am
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (versed)
Depress CNS
Daytime drowsiness/ alcohol potentiates
Tolerance/potential for physical dependence

Front 8

antiarrhythmics

Back 8

Advise to take pulse before and hold for pulse <50
Don’t crush, open, break or chew
Lidocaine Amiodorone
Fosphenytoin Diltiazem
Phenytoin Verampamil
Propafenone Atropine
Esmolol Digoxin

Front 9

bronchodilators - acute

Back 9

albuterol
epi
levalbuteral (Xopenex)

Front 10

bronchodilaters - chronic

Back 10

Metaproterenol [Alupent]
Pirbuterol [Maxair]
Salmeterol (long)
Terbutaline [po, SC, IV]
Theophylline
Formoterol (long)
Aminophylline [po/IV]

Front 11

how to use bronchodilators

Back 11

Always use bronchodilator FIRST and allow 5 minutes before other medications

Front 12

antiasthmatics - corticosteroids

Back 12

Beclomethasone (Qvar)
Betamethasone (Celestone)
Budesonide (Pulmicort)
Cortisone
Dexamethasone
Flunisolide (Aerobid)
Fluticasone (Flovent)
Hydrocortisone
Methylprednisolone
Mometasone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Triamcinolone
ALL DECREASE INFLAMMATION
PROPHYLACTIC- NOT FOR ACUTE ATTACKS

Front 13

anticholinergics - action, outcomes

Back 13

dry things up.
May give prior to intubation
^ HR, Decrease N/V, Dry mouth, Dilation pupils, Decrease GI motility, Resolution of signs of Parkinson’s

Front 14

Atropine-anticholinergics

Back 14

Bradyrythmias- given for slow heart rate, will ^ HR.

Front 15

Ipratropium- anticholinergics

Back 15

Bronchospasm (inhalation) and rhinorrhea (nasal)

Front 16

Scopolomine - anticholinergics

Back 16

apply patch at least 4 hours before travel. PO 30 min before meal.

Front 17

Heparin

Back 17

Monitor aPTT with full-dose heparin therapy and HCT and other clotting factors through treatment
Overdose antidote is protamine sulfate
Enoxaprin (lovenox)- SC
- low molecular weight

Front 18

Coumadins

Back 18

Warfarin
Monitor PT/ INR- 2-3
Antidote for overdose is Vitamin K

Front 19

warfarin - diet

Back 19

Review foods high in Vitamin K with pts. On warfarin. Consistent intake is necessary- fluctuation will cause fluctuation in PT and dose adjustment necessary.

Front 20

Miglitol - antidiabetic

Back 20

delays digestion of ingested carbs, thus lowering blood glucose and may be combined with sulfonylureas.

Front 21

Sulfonylureas, nateglinide, repaglinide, and metformin - antidiabetics

Back 21

lower blood glucose by stimulating endogenous insulin secretion by beta cells of pancreas and increasing sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites

Front 22

Pioglitizone and rosiglitazone - antidiabetics

Back 22

increase insulin sensitivity

Front 23

ace inhibitors - anti hypertensives
teaching

Back 23

Teach how to take BP
Change position slowly
Watch OTC cold meds
Not advised during pregnancy
Take even when not feeling well to avoid rebound hypertension
Always tell MD if side effects > outcome