Pharmacology Finals

Front 1

commonly called water pills

Back 1

diuretics

Front 2

an eye disease that is characterized by increased intraocular

Back 2

glaucoma

Front 3

is a weak diuretic that acts by inhibiting the enzyme

Back 3

Acetazolamide

Front 4

not used frequently as a diuretic

Back 4

Acetazolamide

Front 5

Work in ascending loop of Henle

Back 5

LOOP OR HIGH-CEILING DIURETICS

Front 6

what is the first loop diuretic marketed

Back 6

ethacrynic acid

Front 7

This high diuretic potential is the reason they are often called high-celling diuretics or potassium-wasting diuretics.

Back 7

Torsemide

Front 8

used in combination with 0.9% sodium chloride infusions

Back 8

Furosemide

Front 9

The first thiazide is

Back 9

chlorothiazide

Front 10

There are numerous thiazide and thiazide-like preparations

Back 10

Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, and Indapamide

Front 11

There are numerous thiazide and thiazide-like preparations.

Back 11

Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, and Indapamide

Front 12

haha

Back 12

hehe

Front 13

Works in the Collecting Ducts and Distal Convoluted Tubule

Back 13

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Front 14

an aldosterone antagonist discovered in 1958, was the first potassium-sparing diuretic.

Back 14

spironolactone

Front 15

most frequently prescribed osmotic diuretic, followed by urea. Also include Glycerin.

Back 15

Mannitol

Front 16

Works in the Proximal Tubule and loop of Henle by increasing the osmolarity and sodium reabsorntion

Back 16

osmotic diuretics

Front 17

can be used with cisplatin and carboplatin in cancer chemotherapy

Back 17

mannitol

Front 18

controls bleeding at the site of injury.

Back 18

hemostatis

Front 19

Secrets serotonin to constrict the vessel and reduce blood loss.

Back 19

vascular spasm

Front 20

Activated cells become adhesive to each other and to the endothelium. They clump together forming a platelet plug.

Back 20

Propagation of the Plug

Front 21

activated platelets serves as a site for coagulation (formation of blood clots).

Back 21

coagulation

Front 22

central role in the coagulation cascade.

Back 22

thrombin

Front 23

formation of a clot in an arterial or venous vessel.

Back 23

thrombosis

Front 24

Intrinsic pathway were the factor XII and other proteins form a complex on the injured endothelium. XII XIIa XI to XI and complex form of VIII + XI + X activated X is formed. Then thecommon vaunwav starts.

Back 24

blood clotting pathway

Front 25

process of slowing down the normal blood clotting to prevent the formation of blood clots.

Back 25

Anticoagulation

Front 26

a drug that slows down or prevent formation of blood clots.

Back 26

Anticoagulant agents

Front 27

Formation of clot in an arterial or venous vessel

Back 27

thrombus

Front 28

blood vessels through which the blood flows from the heart

Back 28

arteries

Front 29

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

Back 29

veins

Front 30

Thrombus in the artery are mostly composed of ….

Back 30

platelets

Front 31

Thrombus in the vein are mostly composed of…

Back 31

fibrin

Front 32

process of slowing down the normal blood clotting to prevent the formation of blood clots.

Back 32

anticoagulation

Front 33

prevent clot formation

Back 33

Anticoagulant drug therapy

Front 34

Cannot be absorbed well in the GI tract.

Back 34

Regular or Unfractionated Heparin

Front 35

Derived by decomposing regular (untractionated) neparin into simpler compounds.

Back 35

LMWHa

Front 36

Combines with ANTITHROMBIN III, a substance that inactivates THROMBIN

Back 36

MOA

Front 37

Inhibits the thrombin-mediated conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Back 37

Anticoagulant properties of heparin

Front 38

(suspends the effect of Heparin)

Back 38

Heparin antagonist

Front 39

(10mg for 1000 unit of heparin)

Back 39

Protamine sulfate

Front 40

tests are used to monitor heparin therapy

Back 40

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)-

Front 41

most commonly used, synthesized from dicumarol

Back 41

(Coumadin)

Front 42

a new class of anticoagulants that bind directly to thrombin and block its interaction with its substrates.

Back 42

Direct Thrombin Inhibitors: Parental Anticoagulants II

Front 43

Direct thrombin inhibitors interfere with the blood clotting mechanism by blocking the direct activily or soluble and clot-bound thrombin.

Back 43

MOA

Front 44

prevent platelet adhesion at the site of blood vessel injury

Back 44

ANTIPLATELET DRUG

Front 45

used to prevent thrombosis in the arteries by suppressing platelet aggregation.

Back 45

Antiplatelet

Front 46

are used to dissolve clots.

Back 46

Thrombolytics or Fibrinolytic Drugs

Front 47

also known as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) & tenecteplase (TNK tPA)

Back 47

Alteplase

Front 48

Obtained from B haemolytic Streptococci group C

Back 48

Thrombolytics Streptokinase

Front 49

it is an emergency that needs immediate medical intervention.

Back 49

Unstable angina

Front 50

when the heart muscle (myocardium) weakens & enlarges

Back 50

congestive heart failure

Front 51

an extremely volatile nitrate

Back 51

Amyl nitrate

Front 52

increases the refractory period (recovery time) & prolongs the action potential duration (cardiac cell activity)

Back 52

Amiodarone

Front 53

resulting in vasodilation & decreased BP

Back 53

Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers

Front 54

used mainly to reduce blood pressure and can be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy

Back 54

Doxazosin

Front 55

a decrease in norepinephrine release that results in a lowering of BP

Back 55

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers (Peripherally Acting Sympatholytics)

Front 56

causes vasodilation which decreases resistance to blood flow

Back 56

Blocking alpha 1 receptor

Front 57

relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood vessels mainly the arteries causing vasodilation

Back 57

Direct-Acting Arteriolar Vasodilators

Front 58

used for moderate to severe (dose related) hypertension

Back 58

Minoxidil

Front 59

large particles that transport fatty acids and cholesterol to the liver

Back 59

chylomicrons

Front 60

"bad" lipoprotein

Back 60

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Front 61

also known as "friendly" or "good" lipoprotein

Back 61

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Front 62

carries mostly triglycerides and less cholesterol.

Back 62

very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)

Front 63

agent that lower blood lipid

Back 63

Antilipemics

Front 64

bile acid sequestrant agent that has fewer SE

Back 64

Colesevelam

Front 65

cholesterol absorption inhibitor that acts on the cells in the small intestine

Back 65

Ezetimibe

Front 66

very effective at lowering cholesterol levels

Back 66

niacin

Front 67

treat intermittent claudication

Back 67

cilostazol

Front 68

are commonly used as cold remedies.

Back 68

Antihistamines

Front 69

used for the symptomatic relief of conditions characterized by mucus in the respiratory tract with a dry, nonproductive cough.

(commoncold,bronchitis,laryngitis, pharyngitis, and sinusitis)

Back 69

Guaifenesin

Front 70

long acting and avallable in inhaled and oral forms

Back 70

Albuterol

Front 71

parenterally for acute bronchospasm

Back 71

Ephedrine

Front 72

drug of choice for the treatment of acute bronchospasm

Back 72

Epinephrine

Front 73

is given IV and orally, not inhaled

Back 73

Dexamethasone

Front 74

decrease intestinal motility thereby decreasing peristalsis.

Back 74

Opiates

Front 75

adsorbing bacteria or toxins that cause diarrhea.

Back 75

Adsorbents

Front 76

used to eliminate fecal matter.

Back 76

LAXATIVES

Front 77

soft to watery stool with some cramping

Back 77

CATHARTICS

Front 78

it is a lubricants and stool softeners used to prevent constipation.

Back 78

Emollients

Front 79

done

Back 79

done