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276 Cards in this Set

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PHARM UNIT 1

PHARM UNIT 1
High potential for abuse/addiction, Currently accepted medical uses, requires Rx & Can result physical/psychological dependence



(i.e. Oxycontin)

Schedule II Drug
NOT commonly a parenteral route of drug administration in clinical usage
Sublingual
NOT 1 of the 7 rights of drug administration
The Right Needle
Abbreviation Sig. stand for on a Rx
Directions how to use drug will follow
T/F:



A written prescription could NOT be used as evidence in a court of law

False
Type of order does NOT originate w/ physician, but w/ hospital pharmacy
Automatic Stop Orders
Group name of specific orders preprinted on hospital's physician's order sheet & often pertain to protocol of tx related to specific disease
Standing Orders
Type of Rx generated by computer; NOT signed by physician
Electronic
HS
At Bedtime
K+ given in
Milliequivalents
Milliequivalents
Metric
Nitroglycerin ointment applied w/ specially marked paper measured in
Inches
Drugs main action for which it was prescribed by physician/healthcare provider is
Therapeutic Effect
2 drugs combine & produce an effect less than intended effect for either drug, is
Antagonism
Beta 1 & Beta 2 Receptors respond to
Epinephrine
Individual's unique reaction to a drug due to their genetic makeup is
Idiosyncrasy
Amphetamine Stimulant Drugs used to decrease hyperactivity in children, is an example of what type of drug effect
Paradoxical
Drug appears to fit into receptor, but cannot actually unlock & activate it to produce an effect is an
Antagonist
Drugs given by IV administration entirely bypass step of
Absorption
Initial metabolism of a drug by Liver is
First–Pass Effect
In distribution, as drug enters blood & moves through body tissues, it interacts w/
Receptors
Kidneys are principal organ for
Excretion
Due to Tylenol capsules being contaminated w/ cyanide in 1980's
Many OTC Drugs are now in caplet form instead of capsule form
IV fluids accidentally administered into the subcutaneous tissues instead of a vein
Extravasation
Drug solution forms remains separate from base & still evenly distributed throughout solution
Gels & Emulsions
Oblong tablet w/ base of sugar; disintegrates into a paste to release drug topically in mouth
Troche
Tablet resistant to stomach acid; dissolves in alkaline environment of small intestine
Enteric–Coated Tablet
Small glass bottle w/ rubber stopper; needle is inserted
Vial
Small child w/ N&V W/ high fever might need Tylenol in form of
Rectal Suppository
Drug route into Cerebrospinal Fluid to circulate around Spinal Cord
Intrathecal Route
Both Ears
A.U.
Study of chemical structures of drugs & their actions at molecular level w/in a cell
Molecular Pharmacology
1st Recombinant DNA Technology Drug approved by FDA
Humulin
Drug w/ same chemical formula as another drug, but some atoms arranged in different way
Isomer
10 digit code assigned to each drug
National Drug Code (NDC)
Indicates how often a drug should be given
Lithobid
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates
Advertising of OTC Drugs
Drug Streptomycin derived from
Stomach of Sick Chicken
Human testing phase ONLY healthy volunteers are used
I
Dose at which 50% of animals tested show a therapeutic response to drug
Median Effective Dose
Time required for drug level in serum to decrease from 100% to 50%
Drug's Half–Life
1st federal drug law & established FDA
Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906
Defined Rx drugs as those that could only be given to patients under care of physician
Durham–Humphrey Amendment
LA, SR, & CR indicate
Duration of drug's action
Azmacort was purposefully named to indicate
Disease/Symptom it's used to tx
Agency responsible for regulating manufacturing/dispensing of controlled substances
Drug Enforcement Agency (FDA)
National tragedy caused by Sulfonamide, an Anti–Infective Drug, forced a much–needed update to
Food & Drug Act of 1906
Using antibiotics to treat infection is known as _________ use of drugs
Therapeutic
Study of drugs & their interactions w/ living organisms
Pharmacology
Digoxin is associated w/
Foxglove Plant
Natural Source Drug
Foxglove Plant
Natural Source Drug in current use
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Natural Source Drug
Sheep’s Wool
Natural Source Drug in current use
Lanolin
Natural Source Drug
Rose Hips
Natural Source Drug in current use
Vitamin C
Natural Source Drug
Poppy
Natural Source Drug in current use
Morphine
Natural Source Drug
Mold
Natural Source Drug in current use
Penicillin
Natural Source Drug - Drug in current use; originated from natural sources - Vincristine
Periwinkle
IM
Intramuscular
KVO
Keep Vein Open
NG
Nasogastric (Tube)
NPO
Nothing By Mouth
O.U.
Both Eyes
PO
By Mouth
SQ
Subcutaneous (Sub -Q)

PHARMA UNIT 5 (CH 14-16)

PHARMA UNIT 5 (CH 14-16)
NOT characteristic of Type 2 diabetes:



A) # of/sensitivity of insulin receptors on body cells is decreased




B) Pancreas does not produce any insulin




C) Pancreas produces too little insulin




D) Occurs when pt is middle–aged

B
Humulin N is an
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Regular Iletin ll is a Rapid Acting Insulin derived from
Pig Pancreas
T/F: In a Combination Insulin Drug such as Humulin 70/30, the % of Rapid Acting Insulin is always listed first
False
Combination Oral Antidiabetic Drug
Avandamet
Protein found in Saliva of Gila Monster can synthetically make
Byetta
T/F: Insulin can never be given orally
True
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs are used to tx
Type 2 DM ONLY
Hyposecretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from anterior pituitary gland causes
Diabetes Insipidus
T3 & T4 secreted by
Thyroid Gland
Caused byoverproduction of growth hormone
Acromegaly
Cushing's Syndrome is caused by a tumor on adrenal gland cortex that causes it to secrete an increased amount of
Cortisol
Drugs prescribed for AIDS patients to counteract loss of muscle mass/strength that occur w/ AIDS Wasting Syndrome
Anabolic Steroids
Drug emits low–level radiation & destroys thyroid tissue to treat hyperthyroidism
Radioactive Sodium Iodide 131
High doses of this drug causes symptoms of a moon face, reddened cheeks & buffalo hump
Corticosteroids
Contains ONLY T3
Cytomel
Contains T3 & T4
Thyrolar
Treats Hyperthyroidism
Tapazole
Treats Diabetes Insipidus
Vasopressin
Treats Cushing Syndrome
Signifor
Epilepsy & Glaucoma can both be treated by
Diamox
Tonic–Clonic Seizure
Grand Mal
Absence Seizure
Petit Mal
Complex Partial Seizure
Psychomotor
Simple Partial Seizure
Focal Motor
State of prolonged, continuous seizure activity >30 sec.,can cause brain damage & considered medical emergency
Status Epilepticus
Sulfonamide Drug only acts as Anticonvulsant Drug, but it's mechanism of action is not understood
Zonegran
Hydantoin drugs for epilepsy prevent neurons from sending out impulses too rapidly or repeatedly by
Affecting flow of sodium in & out of cell
Drug therapy for Parkinson's Disease corrects an imbalance in what 2 neurotransmitters in the Brain
Acetylcholine



Dopamine

Benzodiazephine Drugs used to tx anxiety; also have hypnotic effect to tx Insomnia because enhances action of neurotransmitter
GABA
Drug Nameda works to tx Alzheimer's Disease by
Blocking in MDA receptors that are overstimulated by amino acid Glutamate
Drug prescribed for Parkinson's Disease causes increasing side effects, the physician initiates a
Drug Holiday
Which is FALSE about Multiple Sclerosis



A) Caused by yeast infection or at times of complicated stress




B) Autoimmune disease w/ antibodies against myelin covering of nerves




C) There's an interruption of nerve conduction between brain & spinal cord




D) Symptoms include double vision, large muscle weakness, uncoordinated gait, muscle spasticity & neuralgia

A
Drug form the Insomnia drug Zolpidem (Intermezzos) comes in
Sublingual Tablet
Combination Drug for Parkinson's Disease
Sinemet
I





If taking Ambien & not aware or remember working, eating, or driving, cause may be

Did NOT get full 8 hrs of sleep before becoming active
Professional actors, musicians, singers & others in public eye who experience temporary stage performance anxiety take this Beta–Blocker Drug to block physical effects of excess Epinephrine
Inderal
MAO, Tricyclic & Tetracyclic all refer to what type of drugs
Antidepressant
Recovering alcoholic patients who take Antabuse must
Be warned about adverse effects before starting



Give consent to tx w/ this drug




Avoid alcoholic beverages, cough syrups & mouthwashes

Which is NOT true about Adderall



A) Schedule II drug




B) Women 'tween 26 -39 would take their child's Rx to lose wt




C) Children were taking Adderall to lose wt




D) Women 'tween 26 - 39 took Adderall for their ADHD

C
Some antipsychotic drugs, particularly phenothiazine drugs can cause a group of adverse affects called
Tardive Dyskinesia
1st minor Tranquilizer Drug developed in 1955
Miltown
1st Antidepressant Drug was an MAO Inhibitor that was being used to tx
Tuberculosis (TB)
T/F: It's estimated that 50% of hospital admissions are in someway related to mental health
True
Most prescribed drug for Alzheimer's Disease
Aricept
Drug for Parkinson's Disease that crosses blood–brain barrier is
Levodopa
Good drug to give psychotic patients because it dissolves in mouth w/in 5-15 sec.
Zyprexa
Patients that are on these drugs should avoid foods containing Tyramine
MAO Inhibitors
Which are NOT true about the drug Suboxone



A) Can successfully treat opioid addiction




B) Available as transdermal patch




C) Called "prison heroin"




D) Addicts use to avoid withdrawal

B
Drug treats anxiety by enhancing effect of GABA
Benzodiazepine Drugs
PHARM UNIT 2
PHARM UNIT 2
Natural supplement used to tx Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
Fruit of Saw Palmetto Tree
Potassium–Wasting Diuretic Drugs AKA
Thiazides Diuretic Drugs
Used to keep Patent Ductus Arterious opened in Newborns to sustain life
Prostaglandin E1 Drug
Pt's taking Thiazides & Loop Diuretic Drugs may have to take this to prevent cardiac arrhythmias
Potassium Chloride
PDE5 drug that has longer half–life than other drugs for ED - cause erection >4 hours
Cialis
Drug acts at nephron loop & distal convoluted tubule
Thiazides Diuretic Drugs
Diuretic Drugs useful in treating
Hypertension


Edema associated w/ CHF

Cranberry Juice good for
Increases acidity of urine & prevents UTI's
What's Avodart & warning label on this drug
Drug used in men for BPH


For women who are pregnant w/ a male child to not even handle the drug

Drugs that block action of acetylcholine to relax smooth muscle & decrease bladder contractions used to treat
Overactive Bladder
Drug pellet that inserted into urethra to produce an erection in pt's w/ ED
Muse
Main cause of UTI's
Gram Negative Bacteria from GI Tract
Drug treats ED in men
PDE5
Injected to tx Overactive Bladder
Botox
1st drug approved to treat ED
Viagra
Loop Diuretic Drug
Lasix
Urinary Tract Antispasmodic
Urispas
Androgen Inhibitor
Avodart
PDE5 Inhibitor
Viagra
Combination Diuretic
Dyazide
Forms of Diuretic Drugs
Loop
Thiazide
Potassium–Sparing
Thiazide Diuretic
Diuril & HCTZ
Potassium–Sparing Diuretic
Aldactone
Urinary Tract Analgesic
Urogesic
Treats Overactive Bladder
Detrol & Vesicare
Alpha 1 Receptor Blocker Drugs
Cardura & Flomax
Place a peptic ulcer would not form
Colon
T/F: Parietal cells of stomach release H. pylori
False
Drug that acts topically on actual surface of ulcer, forming a protective layer/bandage allowing peptic ulcer to heal
Carafate
Drug has same trade name, but different generic names w/ 1 acting as antacid & other acting as laxative (in a suppository form)
Dulcolax
Someone w/ hypertension must be careful about taking OTC Antacids
Large amt of Sodium in Antacids
What does an Anticholinergic Drug given to treat GI spasms do
Blocks Acetylcholine
Proton Pump Inhibitor Drug, AKA "purple pill"
Nexium
Diet drug causes embarrasing involuntary passing of stools
Alli
Drug that decreases intestinal inflammation in ulcerative colitis by blocking production of prostaglandins
5–Amionsalicylic Acid Drugs
Cinnamon flavored oral paste given to horses
GastroGuard
T/F: When pt takes Antacids containing Calcium, it can replace adequate Calcium intake in diet
False
Criteria for a Rx drug being reclassified as OTC drug
Pt can monitor own condition when using OTC drug


OTC drug has low rate of side effects/toxicity & low potential for abuse



Indication for drug's OTC use is similar to its prescription drug use

Active ingredient in MOM
Magnesium
Bismuth used for
Diarrhea
1st H2 Blocker Drug used to block action of Histamine on H2 receptors in stomach
Tagamet
Antacids Containing Calcium
Tums Ultra
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Prevacid & Prilosac
Combination Drug for H. Pylori
Helidac
Anticholinergic Drug for Diarrhea
Imodium A–D
5–Aminosalicylic Acid Drug
Asacol
Drug for Crohn's Disease
Humira
Corticosteroid Drug for Ulcerative Colitis
Cortifoam
Antispasmodic for IBS
Bentyl
Antiemetic for Motion Sickness
Antivert
Combination Drug for GERD
Zegerid
H2 Blocker Drugs are
Used to treat GERD


Block action of Histamine




Stops production of Hydrochloric Acid




Must take 30 min. before meals (last 12 hrs)

PHARM UNIT 3
PHARM UNIT 3
Used to Stop Smoking & Antidepressant
Bupropion–Zyban
Drug helps Stop Smoking by binding to nicotine receptors & blocking activation
Chantix
Xanthine Bronchodilator Drug
Theophylline
Corticosteroid
Pulmicort
Combination Bronchodilator Drug
Combivent
Anticholinergic Bronchodilator Drug
Atrovent
Beta–agonist Bronchodilator Drug
Albuterol
Mast Cell Stabilizer Drug
Intal
Enzyme Expectorant Drug
Pulmozyme
Combination Drug for TB
IsonaRif
Leukotriene Formation Inhibitor Drug
Zyflo
Leukotriene Receptor Blocker Drug
Singulair
Drug relieves muscle spasms/stiffness
Muscle Relaxants
Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drug Sally Field advertised
Boniva
COX–2 Inhibitor Drug still on market today for treating Osteoarthritis
Celebrex
Iopical Drug, derived from Chili Pepper Plants, used to treat Osteoarthritis
Capsaicin
Benzodiazepine–Valium, Anxiety drug, Also used as
Muscle Relaxant
How is Aspirin different from Acetaminophen in treating 0steoarthritis
Acetaminophen ONLY Treats Pain
Janus Kinase Inhibitor Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Xeljanz
Gold Compound for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Aurolat
Topical Drug for Osteoarthritis
Bengay
Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drug for Osteoporosis
Fosamax
Created by Recombinant DNA Technology for Osteoporosis
Forteo
Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drug MUST be given by IV
Zometa
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Drug
Flexeril
Used for Severe Muscle Spasticity
Zanaflex
Used for Fibromyalgia
Lyrica
Monoclonal Antibody Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Humira
Salicylate Drug for Osteoarthritis
Aspirin
Inhalers delivering a pre–measured dose of drug into lungs are measured in
Actuations
Drug blocks action of Acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle around bronchioles
Anticholinergic Bronchodilator Drug
Drug stimulates beta 2 receptors in smooth muscle around bronchioles by mimicking action of Epinephrine
Beta–agonist Bronchodilator Drug
Drug relaxes smooth muscle around bronchioles & stimulates Respiratory Center in Brain
Xanthine Bronchodilator Drug
Mimics action of natural Cortisol & reduces inflammation/edema associated w/ Asthma/other chronic lung diseases
Corticosteroids
Drug inhibit macrophages from immune system; containS Real Gold
Gold Compound Drugs
T/F: Penicillin is effective in treating TB
False
Drug made from ovaries of Chinese Hamsters
Monoclonal Antibody Drug – Xolair
Beta–agonist Bronchodilator Drugs AKA
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator Drugs
Leukotriene Receptor Blocker Drugs used to prevent/treat _______ , but not used for other respiratory diseases
Asthma
What does nicotine do?
–Stimulates frontal cortex of brain
–Stimulates limbic lobe of brain
–Increases alertness/provides feeling of pleasure
Substance that produced in response to inhaled antigen, causes airway edema, bronchospasm & inflammation
Leukotriene
Phrase "directly observed therapy", related to
(TB) Tuberculosis
Round inhaler device contains a drug in powered form; held in horizontal position to release drug
Diskus
Because acetaminophen has no anti–inflammatory action, it's no longer used to treat pain associated w/ Osteoarthritis
False
T/F: Oral Gold Compound Drugs can reverse joint damage that's already occurred in patients w/ RA
False
Hyaluronic Acid (Hyalgan) derived from
Chicken Combs
Calcitonin derived from
Salmon
Drug used to treat Osteoarthritis in cats & dogs
Rimadyl
Drug ____ used to treat Breast Cancer was found to have a positive effect on patients bones. This discovery lead to drug ____ for Osteoporosis
Tamoxifen, Evista
Risk factors for Osteoporosis
-Caucasian or Asian
–Smoking
–Alcohol Use
PHARM UNIT 4
PHARM UNIT 4
Cardioselective Beta Blockers used for
Hypertensive Patients w/ Asthma
Fast uncoordinated quivering of Heart
V-Fib
Dynamite might help relieve
Angina Pain
Combination Drug for Hypertension
Diovan HCT
Foxglove plant associated w/
Digoxin
Drug decreases blood pressure by blocking Renin produced by Kidney
Tekturna
Drug used to treat cardiac arrhythmia Bradycardia
Atropine
Calcium Channel Blocker Drug slows movement of calcium in/out of SA node; treats hypertension, A-Fib, V-Fib & Angina
Cardizem
Drug blocks enzyme in blood that converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
ACE Inhibitor Drug
Nitro–bid or Nitrol Ointmenst is applied to skin & measured in
Inches
Drug may be given by IV during MI or Stroke to dissolve blood clot
Activase or TNKase
Statin Drugs usually treat
Hypercholestolemia
Suffix "pril" common in the generic medicine
ACE Inhibitors Drugs
When Digitalis Drugs cause release of Acetylcholine, slow electrical conduction & heart rate, it's
Negative Chronotropic Effect
Advertised on TV to treat baldness; originally used to tx Hypertension
Minoxidil or Rogaine
T/F: Lowering therapeutic index of Digoxin will treat Digoxin toxicity
False
Animal used to produce Fab, the antidote for Digoxin toxicity
Sheep
Lipoprotein that carries Triglycerides
VLDL
Why would Lidocaine be given by IV
Tx V-Fib
Bile Acid Sequestration
WelChol
Stimulates Vasomotor Center in Brain
Catapres
Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
Inspra
Beta Blocker
Lopressor
ONLY treats Hypertriglyceridemia
Tricor
ACE Inhibitor Drug
Lotensin
Clotting factors I – XIII dependent on
Vitamin K
T/F: Thrombolytic Drugs used to prevent blood clots from forming
False
Vitamin K drug given to Newborns
Mephyton
Heparin ALWAYS measured
Units
Heparin & Low Molecular Weight Heparin is prepared from
Cow/Pig Intestines
T/F: Anemia is decrease in RBC's produced by Red Bone Marrow
True
Drug suffix –ase common both generic & trade name of
Thrombolytic Drugs
Drugs Feosol & Fer–In–Sol contain
Iron
If taking Coumadin DO NOT eat
Leafy Green Veggies
Vitamin B12 Drugs used to tx
Pernicious Anemia
Heparin & low molecular weight heparin inhibit
Clotting Factor X
If taking Coumadin & eat garlic, may exhibit a
Synergistic effect
Drugs NOT used to break up a clot causing a PE
Anticoagulant Drugs
Most common type of Hemophilia & caused
–Hemophilia A
–Lack of Clotting Factor VIII
Organ produces hormone Erythropoietin
Kidneys
Drugs similar to Erythropoietin
Epogen & Procrit
Organ produces Clotting Factors I – XIII
Liver
T/F: Tissue Plasminogen Activator Drugs are created using Recombinant DNA Technology
True
1st available prescription Anticoagulant Drug
Heparin
Used to tx Anemia
Epogen & Anadrol–50
Factor Xa Inhibitor Drugs
Eliquis & Xarelto
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Drugs
Activase & Retavase
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Drugs
Bauer Aspirin & Plavix
Low Molecular Weight Heparin
Lovenox & Fragmin
Thrombin Inhibitor Drugs
Angiomax & Pradaxa
Combination Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Drug
Aggrenox