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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cefadroxil (class)
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cephalosporin
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cefdinir (class)
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cephalosporin
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cefepime (class)
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cephalosporin
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cefotaxime (class)
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cephalosporin
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cefoxitin (class)
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cephalosporin
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cefuroxime axetil, cefuroxime sodium (class)
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cephalosporin
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cephalexin (class)
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cephalosporin
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doxycycline (class)
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tetracycline
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minocycline (class)
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tetracycline
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ciprofloxacin (class)
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fluoroquinolones
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levofloxacin (class)
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fluoroquinolones
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amikacin (class)
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aminoglycosides
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gentamicin (class)
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aminoglycosides
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neomycin (class)
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aminoglycosides
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tobramycin (class)
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aminoglycosides
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azithromycin (class)
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macrolides
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clarithromycin (class)
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macrolides
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erythromycin (class)
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macrolides
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co-trimoxazole (class)
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sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics
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nitrofurantoin (class)
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sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics
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sulfasalazine (class)
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sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics
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amphotericin (class)
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antifungals
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fluconazole (class)
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antifungals
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itraconazole (class)
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antifungals
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ketoconazole (class)
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antifungals
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miconazole (class)
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antifungals
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nystatin (class)
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antifungals
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acyclovir (class)
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antivirals
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amantadine (class)
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antivirals
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valacyclovir (class)
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antivirals
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zidovudine (class)
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antivirals
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chloramphenicol (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (Very broad spectrum)
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chloroquine (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (antimalarial;amemicide;antirheumatoid)
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clindamycin (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (available in topical,oral,injectable--effective against gram positive infections)
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isoniazid (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of tuberculosis)
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mebendazole (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of roundworm,pinworm,whipworm)
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metronidazole (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of anaerobes;treatment of trichomoniasis)
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polymyxin b sulfate (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (acute eye infections when less toxic drugs are ineffective)
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quinine sulfate (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (antimalarial)
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rifampin (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of tuberculosis)
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vancomycin (class)
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other antibiotics and anti-infectives (used for resistant staph infections in penecillin-allergic patients)
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medications that share common actions mat also share common adverse effects. this is called ?
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cross-sensitivity
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a person can be allergic to ___ medication at ___ time.
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any, any
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What should you do if you are in doubt about the safe dose of ANY medication?
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consult a drug-reference book
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class of medication used to treat an infection.
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anti-infective
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a medication used specifically to treat bacterial infections.
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antibiotic (type of anti-infective)
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antibiotic effective against many organisms.
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broad spectrum
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antibiotic effective against only a few microorganisms.
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narrow-spectrum or specific
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antibiotics that retard the growth of bacteria.
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bacteriostatic agents
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antibiotics that kill bacteria
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bacteriocidal agents
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factors to consider for effective antibiotics.
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1) soluble in water
2) diffuse readily into body tissue 3) no adverse or allegic reaction 4) not affect normal flora 5) orals absorpable by GI tract 6) not antagonistic to other antibiotics |
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MRSA (definition for?)
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methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
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test to determine the specific microorganism causing an infection.
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culture and sensitivity (C&S)
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PCN (abbreviation for?)
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penicillins
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penicillins kill bacteria, so they are ____________ agents.
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bacteriocidal
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names for identification of bacteria ____ - positive and negative
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gram-positive and gram-negative
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PCN is narrow or broad spectum?
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narrow-spectrum
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severe unexpected reaction
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anaphylactic reaction
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penicillins share cross-sensitivity with other penicillins and also with some ______________.
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cephalosporins
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treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.
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1) administer oxygen
2) epinephrine 1:1000 3) IV aminophylline or theophylline 4) steroidal anti-inflammatory after stabilized |
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treatment for a mild allergic reaction to medication.
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usually an antihistamine
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____________, like PCN originally derived from molds and structurally similar to PCN.
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cephalosporins
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cephalosporins are divided into 3 groups, which are...
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1st, 2nd, & 3rd generations. by range of specificity. with 3rd generation being more broad spectrum.
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____________ or TCN are broad spectrum antibiotics.
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tetracyclines
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tetracyclines (TCN) become _____ after expiration.
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toxic
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tetracyclines (TCN) should be taken on an _____ stomach because some foods (especially milk) inhibit absorption
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empty
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tetracycline (TCN) side effects usually involve the ________, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
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GI tract
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tetracyclines (TCN) may cause ____________, or sensitivity to light.
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photosensitivity
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tetracyclines are pregnancy category ?
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D
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tetracyclines (TCN) can cause brownish discoloration of the enamel in developing teeth, so they are contraindicated for ____________ and ________ who do not yet have permanent teeth.
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pregnant women and children
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why should you take all of your antibiotics, even though symptoms subside?
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because failure to do so could result in the development of a resistant strain.
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cephalosporins are pregnancy category ?
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B
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penicillins (PCN) are pregnancy category ?
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B
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which is more difficult to get rid of... gram positive or gram negative?
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gram negative
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aminoglycosides are potent ___________ antibiotics. meaning they will kill bacteria.
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bacteriocidal
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aminoglycosides are effective against many ___________ organisms, which are the hardest to kill.
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gram-negative
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aminoglycosides are especially effective against organisms infecting the ________ tract, __________, and __________. (sepsis or infection throughout the body)
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urinary tract infections, meningitis, septicemias
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considered the medication of choice for hospital acquired (nosocomial) gram-negative infections.
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aminoglycosides
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aminoglycosides are pregnancy category ?
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C
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aminoglycosides can have toxic side effects, specifically ____________ and ____________.
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ototoxicity (damages the eight cranial nerve) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
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macrolides are _______-spectrum, ___________ agents. meaning they inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
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narrow-spectrum, bacteriostatic
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macrolides are pregnancy category ?
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B
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aminoglycosides are especially effective against organisms infecting the ________ tract, __________, and __________. (sepsis or infection throughout the body)
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urinary tract infections, meningitis, septicemias
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considered the medication of choice for hospital acquired (nosocomial) gram-negative infections.
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aminoglycosides
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aminoglycosides are pregnancy category ?
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C
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aminoglycosides can have toxic side effects, specifically ____________ and ____________.
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ototoxicity (damages the eight cranial nerve) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)
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macrolides are _______-spectrum, ___________ agents. meaning they inhibit the growth of some bacteria.
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narrow-spectrum, bacteriostatic
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macrolides are pregnancy category ?
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B
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Sulfonamides are commonly called...
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sulfa drugs
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sulfonamides are commonly used as ___________ agents. are they bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
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antimicrobial, bacteriostatic
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sulfonamides tend to form crystals in the _____. one should therefore drink lots of fluids with them to prevent ______ ______.
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urine, kidney stones
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sulfonamides are pregnancy category _? during pregnancy, and category _? at term.
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C,D
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one of the serious side effects of clindamycin is diarrhea with shreds of _________ ______.
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intestinal lining
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agents that act only on local tissues with which they come into contact are called?
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topical agents
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topical agents designed to be absorped through the skin for systemic effect are called?
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transdermal agents
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selected dermtologic agents
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1) soothing agents (emollients)
2) anesthetics (benzocaine,lidocaine) 3) antiseptics 4) antifungals 5) corticosteriods (anti-inflammatory) 6) pediculicides (kill lice) |
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medications that speed up certain mental and physical processes are called?
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stimulants
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medications that slow down certain mental and physical processes are called?
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depressants
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medications that relieve pain are called?
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analgesics
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analgesics are divided into two groups which are?
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narcotics and non-narcotics
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well known narcotic analgesic.
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morphine
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well known non-narcotic analgesic.
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asprin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and/or tylenol (acetaminophen (APAP))
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opiates
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opium derivatives or opium-like actions
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agonist
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helps along protagonist
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opium and opium-derivatives are _______ addictive.
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highly
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opiates are depressants or stimulants?
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depressants
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the first sign of narcotic overdose.
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respiratory depression (less than 12 respirations per minute)
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common side effects of morphine
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nausea and vomiting
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anti-nausea drugs are called?
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antiemetics
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morphine is sometimes used to treat severe diarrhea because it slows ___________.
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peristalsis
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counteracts the actions of morphine.
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narcotic antagonist such as naxolone (Narcan)
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milder derivative of morphine
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codeine
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codeine depresses the _____ reflex.
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cough
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prpared from morphine with about 5X its analgesic effect.
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hydromorphone hydrochloride (dilaudid)
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effective pi\ain reliever with fewer side effects than morphine and dilaudid.
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meperidine hydrochloride (demerol)
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effective for treatment of moderate pain. often combined with asprin(percodan) and tylenol (percocet)
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oxycodone
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CR (abbreviation for?)
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controlled release
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DR (abbreviation for?)
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delayed release
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ER (abbreviation for?)
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extended release
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IR (abbreviation for?)
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immediate release
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SR (abbreviation for?)
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sustained release
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codeine (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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fentantyl (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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hydromorphone (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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levorphanol (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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meperidine (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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methadone (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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oxycodone (class)
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narcotic agonist analgesic
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naxolone (class)
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narcotic antagonist
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acetominophen (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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acetylsalicylic (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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celecoxib (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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diclofenac (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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ibuprofen (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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indomethacin (class)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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naproxen (calss)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)
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amobarbital (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)
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pentobarbital (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)
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phenobarbital (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)
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secobarbital (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)
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alprazolam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)
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diazepam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)
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flurazepam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)
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lorazepam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)
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temazepam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)
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carbamazepine (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)
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clonazepam (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)
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magnesium sulfate (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)
|
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phenytoin (class)
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hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)
|
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medications that reduce both pain and fever are called?
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antipyretic analgesics
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asprin (acetylsalicylic acid) is believed to contribute to the development of _____ syndrome in children.
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Reye's
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most NSAID's cause ______ upset and should be taken with food.
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gastric
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NSAID's (abbreviation stands for?)
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non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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medications that produce sleep.
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hypnotic
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medications that have a calming or quieting effect.
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sedatives
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immediate discontinuation of barbituate therapy for patients that have been taking them for extended periods can result in ?
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death
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an adrenergic medication is __________ or a substance that acts like it.
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epinephrine
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medications that mimic the actions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
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adrenergics
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adrenergics are classified as ?
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catecholamines or non-catecholamines
|
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neurotransmitters that play an important part in the body's response to stress.
|
catecholamines
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adrenergics are also referred to as ________________, meaning they mimic the sympathetic nervous system.
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sympathomimetics
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dopamine is not a catecholamine but rather a _______________ _____ because it add to the effect of the sypathetic nervous system.
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adrenergic agonist
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group that includes the adrenocortical hormones
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steroids
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most common steroid and powerful anti-inflammatory agent.
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cortisone
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side effects of long term steroid therapy.
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1) increased appetite and weight gain
2) tendency to bruise easily 3) hirsutism (face & body hair) 4) moon face (puffy,round) 5) buffalo hump 6) osteoporosis |
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medications that are marked for _________ use are the only medications that may be used in the eye.
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ophthalmic
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ophthalmic medications used to dilate the pupils.
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mydriatics
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ophthalmic medications used to constrict the pupils.
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miotics
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heart stimulants are called ?
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cardiotonics
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medications that strengthen the force of ventricular contractions to increase cardiac output.
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cardiotonics
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a dosage of a carditonic administered to achive a heart rate of 60-80 BPM
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digitalizing dose or initial dose
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a dosage of a carditonic administered to maintain a heart rate of 60-80 BPM
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maintenance dose
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medications used to control superficial hemorrhage.
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vasoconstrictors
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medications used to treat peripheral blood vessel disease, coronary artery disease, and hypertension.
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vasodilators
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treatment of choice for acute angina pectoris and potent vasodilator.
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nitroglycerin (NTG)
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protect nitroglycerin from exposure to _____, which means it is ______________.
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light, photosensitive
|
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medications used to reduce blood pressure on an ongoing basis are called ?
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antihypertensives
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medications that increase the amount of urine secreted by the kidneys are called ?
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diuretics
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many diuretics cause excessive excretion of the mineral _________, a potentially harmful side effect.
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potassium (K+)
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medications that decrease blood pressure by stimulating the beta receptors are called ?
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beta blockers
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medications that decrease hypertension by blocking angiotensin activation are called ?
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angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
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angiotensin is a powerful vaso___________?
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constrictor
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medications that reduce hypertension by blocking the angiotensin receptors are called ?
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angiotensin II receptor blockers or ARB's
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glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production. indicated for chemotherapy and renal failure patients.
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erythropoetin
|
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medication that prevents blood clotting by preventing attachment to vessel walls
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heparin
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heparin is reversed by ?
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protamine sulfate
|
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medication used to reduce coagulation by inhibiting the synthesis of prothrombin
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coumadin
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coumadin is reversed by
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vitamin K
|
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medications that relax the smooth muscles of the tracheobronchial tree are called ?
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bronchodilators
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naloxone hydrochloride is indicated as a __________ stimulant and a antidote for opiate overdose.
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respiratory
|
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medications which relieve cough.
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antitussives
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medications that liquify secretions in the bronchi to facillitate expulsion by coughing.
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expectorant
|
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medications used to relieve allergic reactions by blocking the actions of histamines in the body.
|
antihistamine
|
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medications that reduce swelling of nasal membranes to open nasal passages are called ?
|
decongestants
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medications used to induce vomiting are called ?
|
emetics
|
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medications used to stop vomiting or reduce nausea are called ?
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antiemetics
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medications used to relieve constipation are called ?
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laxatives
|
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urinary antiseptic known for its prompt analgesic effect, though it turns urine a reddish orange color.
|
phenazopyridine (pyridium)
|