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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The principal neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system
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Acetylcholine
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A receptor for the sympathetic nervous system that is activated by the neurotransmitter norepinepherine. Alpha, beta, and beta2.
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Andrenergic
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A drug that selectively suppresses pain without producing sedation.
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Analgesic
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A drug used to treat infection by killing (bactericidal) or inhibiting the growth (bacteriostatic) of disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria.
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Antibiotic
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A drug that opposes the action of acetylcholine at the site of cholinergic receptors.
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Anticholinergic
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A psychotherapeutic drug that produces mood elevation.
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Antidepressant
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A drug that prevents or relieves vomiting.
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Antiemetic
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A drug that lowers high blood pressure.
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Antihypertensive
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A drug used to decrease symptoms of inflammation by inhibiting the release of prostaglandins.
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Anti-inflammatory
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A drug that is selectively toxic to rapidly dividing cells such as malignant cells and is used to treat cancer.
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Antineoplastic
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A drug that suppresses coughing.
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Antitussive
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An adjective used to descrive a drug that kills bacteria. Most common antibacterial.
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Bactericidal
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Inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill.
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bacteriostatic
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That portion of the total drug dose, after absorption that is actually available to interact with receptors and produce a therapeutic effect.
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Bioavailability
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A receptor for the parasympathetic nervous system that is activated by neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Cholinergic
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An agent that is used to kill microorganisms on surfaces and instruments
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Disinfectant
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A decreased susceptibility to the effects of a drug because of continued use
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Drug Tolerance
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A drug that thins mucus in the respiratory tract to make it easier to cough it up.
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Expectorant
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Twice the maintenance dose. Immediate effects. ex Digoxin(Lanoxin)
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Loading Dose
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An agent (bacteria, virus, etc.) that causes disease.
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Pathogen
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A drug that dialates the pupil of the eye
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Mydriatic
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A drug that constricts the smooth muscle of blood vessels to increase the blood pressure
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Vasopressor
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The highest serum level achieved following a single dose of a drug.
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Peak level
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To Keep guard for. Preventative.
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Prophylaxis
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describes a drug that is composed of equal amounts of dextrorotary and levoratory isomers.
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Racemic
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The lowest serum level of a drug that occurs just before the next dose is to be given.
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Trough level
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A drug that relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessels to improve blood flow.
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Vasodilator
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1 kg
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1000 grams
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1 g
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1000 milligrams
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1 mg
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1000 micrograms
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Some penicillins, some vitamins, and all types of insulin are measured in ........
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Units
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Nitroglycerin ointment (Nitro-Bid, Nitrol) measured in...
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Inches
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gutta. gtt. gtts.
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drop
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1/1000 of the molecular weight of an ion divided by the number of hydrogen ions it reacts with
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milliequivalent (mEq)
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One part in relationship to the whole, based on a total of 100.
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Percentage
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a.c.
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Before meals
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ad lib
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as needed
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b.i.d.
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twice a day
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c
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with
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h.s.
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at bedtime
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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p.c.
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after meals
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p.r.n.
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as needed
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q.d.
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every day
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q.h.
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every hour
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q.h.s.
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at bedtime
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q.i.d
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four times a day
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q.o.d.
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every other day
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s
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without
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t.i.d.
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three times a day.
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mg/kg/day
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(milligrams of drug needed per kilograms of body weight per 24-hour period. Pediatric doses.
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Written record of a physician's order to the pharmacist.
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Medication order
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recip
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take
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Sig.
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Write on label
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Benzoyl peroxide (Benzac, Clearasil),isotretinoin (accutane), tretinoin (Rentin-A)
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Acne drugs
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Coal tar (Aqua Tar, Denorex, Tegrin) tazarotene (Tazorac), cyclosporine (Neoral)
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Psoriasis drugs
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clotrimazole(dessenex, Lotrimin), nystatin (mycostatin), ketoconazole (Nizoral)
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Anti-fungal Drugs
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hydrochlorothiazide (Hydro DIURIL)
Chlorthalidone (Hygroton) Metolazone (Zaroxolyn) |
Diuretics
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K+8, K+10, K-Dur, K-Lyte, Slow-K
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Potassium Supplements
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amoxicillin (Trimox), cephalexin (Keflex), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin), sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole (sulfa drugs), trimethoprim (Proloprim), Bactrim DS and Septra DS (trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole
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Urinary Antibiotics
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phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
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Urinary Analgesics
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bethanechol, oxybutynin (Ditropan
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Urinary antispasmodics
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terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax), finasteride (Proscar)
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For BPH
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sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis)
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For ED
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cyclosporin (Sandimmune), azathioprine (Imuran)
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Immunosuppressants
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furosemide (Lasix) inhibits
reabsorption of Na+/water in the ascending loop of Henle (causing a profound diuresis |
Loop Diuretics
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Note that they work on the distal tubule of the nephron
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Potassium Sparing Diuretics
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The major pathogen causing Urinary Tract Infections
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E. coli
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the first antibiotics, developed in 1932. These do not “kill” the bacterium, but they inhibit growth by interfering with folic acid absorption which is essential to the bacterial life cycle
• sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole |
Sulfonamide
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amoxicillin
cephalexin (Keflex – is a cephalosporin |
Penicillin
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Cipro (ciprofloxacin)
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Fluoroquinolones
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phenazopyridine (Pyridium) - once a prescription drug, it can now be purchased OTC • It should not be used to mask urinary symptoms that should be appropriately treated with antimicrobial therapy or surgery |
Urinary Tract Analgesics
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Used to treat such common urinary conditions as Interstitial cystitis where bladder spasm results in frequency and urgency without any underlying bladder infection
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Urinary Tract Antispasmodics
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Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs • Flomax (tamsulosin – an α1 blocker ) |
Drugs Used to Treat BPH
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azathioprine (Imuran)
cyclosporin (Sandimmune |
Immunosuppressant Drugs
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Tums (contains calcium), Maalox (aluminum + magnesium - “balanced”), Amphojel (aluminum - constipating), Milk of magnesia (magnesium – may produce diarrhea)
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Antacids
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cimetidine (Tagament), famotidine (Pepcid), ranitidine (Zantac), Pepcid Complete (famotidine + calcium + magnesium
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H2 Blockers
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omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AcipHex)
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H+ Ion Pump Inhibitors
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simethicone
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Anti gas
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dicyclomine (Bentyl), Donnatal
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Anticholinergics
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Compazine (Thorazine), Dramamine, Antivert (meclizine), Transderm- Scop (scopolamine), ondansetron (Zofran), dolasetron (Anzemet), Marinol (dronabinol)
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Antiemetics
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Meridia, orlistat (Xenical, Alli is the OTC trade name marketed by GSK)
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Weight Loss
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Milk of magnesia, Dulcolax (bisacodyl), Epsom salts, Surfak, GoLYTELY, Epsom Salts, sennosides (Ex-Lax), psyllium (Metamucil), docusate (Colace), Fleet enema, glycerin suppositories, castor oil
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Laxatives
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Pepto Bismol (bismuth sulfate), Kaopectate (kaolin and pectin), diphenoxylate (Lomotil), loperamide (Imodium), paregoric, ciprofloxacin (Cipro), doxycycline (Vibramycin), TMP-SMX (Septra),
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Antidiarrhea
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These are antihistamines which work on the Histamine2 instead of the Histamine1 Receptor (*drugs like Benadryl are used for “normal” allergies which work at the H1 Receptor)
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H2 Blockers
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These drugs act by directly blocking a K+/H+- ATPase (commonly called the “proton pump” of the gastric parietal cell)
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Proton Pump Inhibitors.
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bacterium which is highly
associated with the development of Peptic Ulcers |
Helicobacter Pylori
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Lomotil (diphenoxylate) and Imodium (loperamide)
anticholinergic effects and slow down the bowel |
Narcotic Drugs
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