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96 Cards in this Set
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Pharmacology |
The study of medicines; the discipline pertaining to how drugs improve the health of the human body.
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The study of medicines; the discipline pertaining to how drugs improve the health of the human body.
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Pharmacology
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Pharmaceutics
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the science of preparing and dispensing drugs
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The science of preparing and dispensing drugs
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Pharmaceutics
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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Treatment of diseases by the use of drugs
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Treatment of diseases by the use of drugs
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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Pharmacopoeia
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medical reference summary indicating standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
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medical reference summary indicating standards of drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis
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Pharmacopoeia
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Pathophysiology
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The study of diseases and the functional changes occurring in the body as a result of disease.
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The study of diseases and the functional changes occurring in the body as a result of disease.
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Pathophysiology
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Biologics
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Chemical agents that produce biological responses within the body; they are synthesized by cells of the human body, animal cells or microorganisms.
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Chemical agents that produce biological responses within the body; they are synthesized by cells of the human body, animal cells or microorganisms.
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Biologics
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Clinical Pharmacology
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An area of medicine devoted to the evaluation of drugs used for human therapeutic benefit.
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An area of medicine devoted to the evaluation of drugs used for human therapeutic benefit.
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Clinical Pharmacology
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Formularies
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Lists of drugs and drug recipes commonly used by pharmacists.
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Lists of drugs and drug recipes commonly used by pharmacists.
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Formularies
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Natural Alternative Therapies
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Herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, or dietary supplements
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Herbs, natural extracts, vitamins, minerals, or dietary supplements
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Natural Alternative Therapies
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Therapeutics
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The branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and suffering
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The branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and suffering
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Therapeutics
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The Pure Food and Drug Act
(Year and define) |
1906; gave the government to control the labeling of medicines.
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What was formed in 1906 and gave the government to control the labeling of medicines.
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The Pure Food and Drug Act
(Year and define) |
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The Sherley Amendment
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1912; made medicines safer by prohibiting the sale of drugs labeled with false therapeutic claims
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What was formed in 1912 and made medicines safer by prohibiting the sale of drugs labeled with false therapeutic claims
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The Sherley Amendment
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Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
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1938; The first law preventing the marketing of drugs not thoroughly tested.
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The first law, passed in 1938, preventing the marketing of drugs not thoroughly tested.
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Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act
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Four stages of drug review
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1. Preclinical Investigation
2. Clinical Investigation 3. Submission of New Drug Application (NDA) with review 4. Postmarketing studies |
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Preclinical Investigation
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Involves basic science research. Scientists perform tests on cells in lab or in animals to examine the effectiveness of a range of drug doses and look for any adverse side effects.
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Involves basic science research. Scientists perform tests on cells in lab or in animals to examine the effectiveness of a range of drug doses and look for any adverse side effects.
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Preclinical Investigation
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Clinical Investigation
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Second Stage of drug approval. Takes place in 3 phases - Clinical phase trials I, II & III. Longest phase. Involves clinical pharmacology. Establish dosages and try to identify adverse effects.
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Second Stage of drug approval. Takes place in 3 phases - Clinical phase trials I, II & III. Longest phase. Involves clinical pharmacology. Establish dosages and try to identify adverse effects.
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Clinical Investigation
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Submission of an NDA (New Drug Application) with Review
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Third Stage of drug approval. Clinical phase 3 trials and animal testing may continue. If approved the process continues to final stage. If rejected, concerns are addressed.
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Third Stage of drug approval. Clinical phase 3 trials and animal testing may continue. If approved the process continues to final stage. If rejected, concerns are addressed.
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Submission of an NDA (New Drug Application) with Review
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Postmarketing Studies
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Fourth stage of drug approval. Testing in humans is continued to check for any new harmful effects in larger and more diverse populations.
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3 classifications of agents
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Traditional drugs
Biologics Natural Alternatives |
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Bioavailability
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the physiologic ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect.
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the physiologic ability of the drug to reach its target cells and produce its effect.
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Bioavailability
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Therapeutic Classification
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method for organizing drugs on the basis of the basis of their therapeutic usefullness
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method for organizing drugs on the basis of the basis of their therapeutic usefullness
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Therapeutic Classification
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Pharmacologic Classification
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method for organizing drugs on the basis of their mechanism of action (how they work pharmacologically).
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method for organizing drugs on the basis of their mechanism of action (how they work pharmacologically).
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Pharmacologic Classification
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Mechanism of Action
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How the medication produces its effects within the body
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Prototype Drug
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the original well-understood drug model from which other medications in a pharmacologic class have been developed
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the original well-understood drug model from which other medications in a pharmacologic class have been developed
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Prototype Drug
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Chemical Name
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Strict chemical nomenclature used for naming drugs established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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Strict chemical nomenclature used for naming drugs established by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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Chemical Name
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Generic Name
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Nonproprietary name of a drug assigned by the government
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Nonproprietary name of a drug assigned by the government
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Generic Name
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Trade Name
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Proprietary name of a drug assigned by the manufacturer; also called the brand name or product name.
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drug product with more than one active generic ingredient
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Combination Drugs
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Combination Drugs
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drug product with more than one active generic ingredient
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Scheduled Drugs
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A term describing a drug placed into one of five categories based on its potential for misuse or abuse.
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Term for drugs that potential for misuse or abuse.
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Scheduled Drugs
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Controlled substance
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In the U.S. a drug restricted by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. In Canada, a drug subject to guidelines outlined in Part 3 ...
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Restricted Drugs
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In Canada, a drug not intended for human use, covered in part 4, schedule H of the Canadian Food and Drugs Act.
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Schedule 1 Drugs
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Limited or no therapeutic Use (heroin, LSD, marijuana and methaqualone). Highest Abuse Potentional, High physical and psychological dependence.
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Schedule 2 Drugs
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Used therapeutically with prescription; some are no longer used therapeutically. (cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamine). High abuse potential, physical and psychological dependence.
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Schedule 3 drugs
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Used therapeutically with prescription; (anabolic steroids, codeine and hydrocodone and some barbiturates) Moderate Abuse potential and physical dependence. High psychological dependence.
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Limited or no therapeutic Use (heroin, LSD, marijuana and methaqualone). Highest Abuse Potentional, High physical and psychological dependence.
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Schedule 1 Drugs
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Used therapeutically with prescription; some are no longer used therapeutically. (cocaine, methadone, and methamphetamine). High abuse potential, physical and psychological dependence.
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Schedule 2 drugs
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Used therapeutically with prescription; (anabolic steroids, codeine and hydrocodone and some barbiturates) Moderate Abuse potential and physical dependence. High psychological dependence.
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Schedule 3 drugs
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Schedule 4 drugs
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Used therapeutically with prescription; darvon, valium, xanax; lower abuse potential, lower physical and psychological dependence
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Used therapeutically with prescription; darvon, valium, xanax; lower abuse potential, lower physical and psychological dependence
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Schedule 4 drugs
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Schedule 5 Drugs
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Used therapeutically without prescription. (OTC cough medicines with codeine). Lowest abuse potential and lowest physical and psychological dependence.
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Used therapeutically without prescription. (OTC cough medicines with codeine). Lowest abuse potential and lowest physical and psychological dependence.
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Schedule 5 Drugs
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Five Pregnancy Categories of drugs
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A, B, C, D, X
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Category A drug
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Studies have NOT shown a risk to women or to the fetus. Synthroid, Ferranol, Proloid, KCl
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Category B drug
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Animal studies have not shown a risk to the fetus, or if they have studies in women have not confirmed the risk. Humulin, prozac, amoxil, zantac.
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Category C drug
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Animal studies HAVE shown a risk to the fetus, but controlled studies have not been performed in women. Fleet Mineral Oil, acyclovir, senokot, lasix
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Category D Drug
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Use of this drug category MAY cause harm to the fetus, but it may provide benefit to the mother in a life-threatening situation or when safer therapy is not available. tetracycline, coumadin
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Category X drug
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Highest Risk. Studies HAVE shown a significant risk to women and to the fetus. Iodinated glycerol, castor oil
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5 phases of the nursing process
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Assessment
Nursing Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evalution |
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Assessment Phase
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The Phase of the nursing process is the systematic collection, organization, validation and documentation of patient data.
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The Phase of the nursing process is the systematic collection, organization, validation and documentation of patient data.
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Assessment
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Two purposes of Assessment
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1. Gather data that will enable the nurse to identify current patient health challenges and problems that the patient is at particular risk for developing. This data is used in developing the nursing diagnosis and the plan of care. 2. To gather baseline data. Used during evaluation.
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Subjective Data
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Data that includes what the patient states and perceives. Includes pain, anxiety and nausea.
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Objective Data
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Data gathered through physical examination, medical hx, lab tests, and other diagnostic sources.
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Data that includes what the patient states and perceives. Includes pain, anxiety and nausea.
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Subjective Data
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Data gathered through physical examination, medical hx, lab tests, and other diagnostic sources.
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Objective Data
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A clinical judgement of a patients actual or potential health problem that is within the nurses scope of practice to address.The phase of the nursing process in which the nurse analyzes assessment data, identifies health problems and formulates diagnostic statements. It is the responsibility of the RN to identify the appropriate diagnosis and develop a plan of care. The LPN contributes to this phase by collecting data and collaboration the RN.
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Nursing Diagnosis
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Nursing Diagnosis
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A clinical judgement of a patients actual or potential health problem that is within the nurses scope of practice to address.The phase of the nursing process in which the nurse analyzes assessment data, identifies health problems and formulates diagnostic statements. It is the responsibility of the RN to identify the appropriate diagnosis and develop a plan of care. The LPN contributes to this phase by collecting data and collaboration the RN.
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Etiologies
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Causes of the patients disease or condition
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Causes of the patients disease or condition
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Etiologies
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Interventions
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action that produces an effect or that is intended to alter the course of a disease or condition
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action that produces an effect or that is intended to alter the course of a disease or condition
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Interventions
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Planning Phase
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the nurse prioritizes diagnoses, formulates desired goals and selects nursing interventions.
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the nurse prioritizes diagnoses, formulates desired goals and selects nursing interventions.
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Planning phase
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First step of planning phase
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Identify the desired goal or outcome to be achieved and the specific evaluation criteria that will be used to determine if the goal has been met.
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Second step of planning phase
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Develop a list of interventions.
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goal
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an objective that the patient or nurse seeks to attain or achieve.
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outcome
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objective measures of goals
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Evaluation Criteria
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objective assessment of the effectiveness and impact of interventions
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Implementation phase
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The phase when the nurse applies the knowledge, skills, and principles of nursing care to help move the patient toward the desired goal and optimal wellness. Puts the plan of care into action.
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The phase when the nurse applies the knowledge, skills, and principles of nursing care to help move the patient toward the desired goal and optimal wellness. Puts the plan of care into action.
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Implementation Phase
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Evaluation Phase
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The phase that compares the patients current health status with the desired outcome to determine if the plan of care is appropriate or if it needs revision. This phase determines if the goal or outcome has been met.
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The phase that compares the patients current health status with the desired outcome to determine if the plan of care is appropriate or if it needs revision. This phase determines if the goal or outcome has been met
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Evaluation Phase
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