Pharmacology Chap 6:fluids, Electrolytes, And Iv Therapy

Front 1

What is the most abundant substance in the body?

Back 1

water

Front 2

How much of the human body weight is water?

Back 2

~60%

Front 3

How much of the body water is found intracellular?

Back 3

~3/4

Front 4

Break down body water:

Back 4

Total body water=60%
-Intracellular=45%
-Extracellular=15% and of that ~10.5% is Interstitial and ~4.5% is Intravascular fluid

Front 5

All electrolytes are measure in....

Back 5

milliequivalents (mEq). However some must be measure in weight (mg).

Front 6

What electrolyte is most abundant extracellular cation and plays a vital role in body water regulation?

Back 6

Sodium

Front 7

Roles of Sodium

Back 7

The extracellular cation plays roles in body water regulation, assisting nerve impulses, and moving of Calcium into the cells.

Front 8

Regulation of Sodium

Back 8

Occurs in the kidneys primarily through reabsorption in the tubules.

Front 9

Role of Calcium

Back 9

Enzyme cofactor for blood clotting, required for hormone secrection, membrane stability and permeability, and muscle contraction.

Front 10

Where is Calcium found?

Back 10

Primarily found in bony tissue, also in plasma and body cells.

Front 11

Calcium is used in emergency to tx:

Back 11

Hyperkalemia, magnesium sulfate overdose, calcium channel blocker overdose, and as an adjunct tx for insect bites and stings.

Front 12

Dose for Calcium

Back 12

Adult dose 500 to 1000 mg IV or IO for hyperkalemia and calcium channel blocker. The pediatric dose is 20mg/kg slow IV/IO push to max of one gram dose. All usually requiring medical control.

Front 13

List some calcium channel blockers

Back 13

Adalat, Amlodipine, Bepridil, Calan, Cardene, Cardizem, Cartia, Covera, Dilacor, Diltia, Diltiazem, DynaCirc, Felodipine, Iproveratril Hydrochloride, Isoptin, Isradipine, Nicardipine, Norvasc,Pinaverium, Plendil, Procardia, Sular,Tiazac, Vascor, Verapamil, and Verelan.

Front 14

Roles of Potassium

Back 14

Necessary in the transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, cardiac rhythm maintenance (keeping a normal rhythm), and skeletal smooth muscle contraction.

Front 15

Prehospital use for Potassium and common dose:

Back 15

Very limited, tx of hypokalemia and the cardiac dysrhythmias it causes. The adult dose is generally 20-40 mEq PO and IV with the IV dose given via an IV piggy back over 1 to 2 hrs. Pediatric dose is 1 mEq/kg to a max of 40 mEq PO. The IV piggyback dose being 0.1 mEq/kg up to 20 mEq/hr

Front 16

Roles of Magnesium

Back 16

Necessary for the activation of the enzyme ATPase which is essential for normal cell membrane function and is the enzyme that is responsible for the release of ATP to facilitate the sodium-potassium pump. Also used to relax smooth muscle (ex: uterine relaxation), increases the stability of cardiac cells (reducing the potential for dysrhythmias), and has antihypertensive properties (most likely in conjunction with the smooth muscle relaxation) that helps reduce hypertensive crises in pregnancy (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia).

Front 17

Typical adult dose for Magnesium

Back 17

The adult dose in seizing patient is 1 to 4 grams IV/IO over 3 minutes(very slow IV push). For cardiac arrest the dose is 1 to 2 grams diluted in 10mL of D5W over 1 to 2 minutes. For torsades de pointes the dose in 1-2 grams via IV/IO over 30 to 60 seconds.

Front 18

Typical pediatric dose for Magnesium

Back 18

Pediatric dose are 25-50mg/kg (max of 2 grams) over 10 to 20 minutes for cardiac arrest with same dose for torsades only over 5 to 10 minutes. Consult medical control.

Front 19

Sodium Bicarbonate

Back 19

Used by the body as a buffer to metabolic acidosis (decrease in pH level). In emergency medicine it is used to tx tricyclic antidepressant overdose (elavil and imipramine) and in cardiac arrest.

Front 20

Dose Sodium Bicarbonate

Back 20

Typically in adults 1 mEQ/kg IVP/IO
If second dose is required, usually by medical control only, the dose is then 0.5 mEq/kg.

Front 21

Both _________ and _________ are passive process, whereas __________ and __________ require an energy expenditure by the cell.

Back 21

diffusion
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
active transport

Front 22

Diffusion

Back 22

The process in which a molecule or compound moves across a semipermeable membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration in an attempt to equalize the gradient of the molecule or compound on each side of the cell membrane to become isotonic.

Front 23

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 23

When "helper proteins" are needed to move large molecules and compounds across the cell membrane. May require energy in the form of ATP.

Front 24

Osmosis

Back 24

The movement of water across the cell membrane from high to low.

Front 25

Active transport

Back 25

The use of ATP to "pump" something out and "pump" something in as in the sodium-potassium pump (sodium out, potassium in).

Front 26

Plasma

Back 26

The fluid portion of the blood, 92% water.

Front 27

Blood types

Back 27

The body uses this to tell if things are of self (made in the host body) or "foreign" (pathogens)