Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
differentiate among the mechanisms of action and the adverse effects of the major classes of diuretic agents
|
Thiazides- inhibits Na reabsorption, increases K+excretion - low K+, Low Na, mild hypotension
Loop Diuretics- inhibits Na reabsorption, increases K+ excretion - hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypotension Aldosterone Antagonist- increases excretion of Na without excreting K+- an ER drug Osmotic Diuretics- increase osmolatily of ploasma and renal tubular fluids - indicated in ICP and oliguria admin by IV only |
|
|
List spicific nursing implications related to each class of diuretic agents
|
take I&O
monitor labs - K+ Na monitor pts wgt 1kg=1L assess for S&S of hypo/hyperkalemia and hyponatremia assess BP |
|
|
Discuss the mech. of action and major adverse effects of the major classes of peripheral vascular agents
|
Calcium Channel Bloickers- decreases BP primarily by dilating peripheral vessels
Alpha1 blocking agents- decreases peripheral resistance, causing dilation of blood vessels Alpha 2 blocking agent- dilates, p.Bl.v., decreases HR and BP -stimulates alpha 2 receptors in the brain can cause orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
name most common meds in peripherial vascular agents
|
CCB- Procardia/nifedipine
Alpha 1- prazosin/MinipressA= Alpha 2- clonidine/Catapres |
|
|
id appropriate nursing interventions for pts receiving peripheral vasodilators
|
check BP & HR
check for orthostatic hypotension reflex tachycardia |
|
|
Discuss the function of iron, Vitamin B12 and folic acid in normal red blood cell production
|
iron is the fuel for production, vitamin B12 is needed for gastric cells to secrete instrinsic factor
folic acid- stops neural tube defects in infants |
|
|
Differentiate btw iron-deficiency and megaplastic anemias, including pathophysiology, major causes and treatment
|
iron-defincincy will cause fatique, less blood volume, a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen to tissues. Oxygenated blood gives your body energy and your skin a healthy color.common in women, lack of iron in diet blood loss ex: menistration, inability to absorb iron,pregnancy, - give iron supplements
but megaplastic anemias-pernicious anemia - see other flashcard - treatment Admin V B12 injections |
|
|
Id nursing assessments and interventions related to the adm. of agents used in the treatment of anemias
|
for oral iron supplements
watch that pt does not have peptic ulcers or inflammatory int. disorders give by straw dark stools and constipation admin via z-tract V-B12 |
|
|
describe the mech. of action and therapeutic uses of ea of the classes of anticoagulant agents
|
Heparin- preventsw thrombosis, can be given IV or SQ- inactivates thrombin, used short term - 20-30 min onset, give in abdomen,
Lovenox/enoxaparin- prevents thrombosis formation in knee and hip surgery- lower risk of bleeding-no labs given only SQ Coumadin/warfarin- prevent thrombosis formation-atrial fib, prosthetic heart valves-give orally - onset 2-7days, anti K+ antagonist, |
|
|
Nursing assessments and interventions with admin of anticoagulants
|
Heparin- monitor PTT-
Lovenox/enoxaparin - no need of labs Coumadin/warfarin- monitor lab PT-and/or INR antidote is vK+ or fresh frozen plasma |
|
|
client ed. for anticoagulants
|
electric razor
soft toothbrush no IM injections Notify MD b4 giving ASA or NSAIDS limit physical act. limit dietary intake of green leafy vegs |
|
|
most commonly used anticoagulant agents
|
Heparin
Lovenox/enoxaparin Coumadin/warfarin |
|
|
discuss the use of protamine sulfate and Vitamin K as anticoagulant antagonists
|
Vitamin K produces clotting factors and is an antidote to Coumadin and Protamine Sulfate is an antidote to Heparin if platelet count too low
|
|
|
Id the mech. of actions, therapeutic uses, adverse effects and interactions of thrombolytic agents
|
IV meds used to dissolve or breakdown thrombi in an actue situation occasionally used to dissolve clots in IV catheters, causes bleeding because fibrinolysis is non-seletive, contraindications are severe HTN, recent trauma or CVA, peptic ulcer disease
|
|
|
Thrombolytic agents
|
streptokinase/Streptase -do not give to recent trauma pts, and watch for bleeding, check BP
|
|
|
list the mech. of action for ea. of the 3 major classes of antilipemic drugs
|
used to treat elevated serum lipid levels
HMG-COA-reductase inhibitors/Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitors- blocks enzyme req. for hepatic synthesis of CHOL. Bile Sequestering Agents - binds with bile acids in the intestines and is exc. with feces. reduces LDL -used with statins Fibrates- decreases prod. of triglycerides-Niacin, decreases Chol and Trig. |
|
|
id the major drug interactions, adverse reactions and nursing imp for ea of the 3 major classes of antilipemic drugs
|
HMG_COA - NCD(nau.cramps,dia)
depatotoxicity and muscle destruction - monitor liver function studies-AST or ALT Bile Seq. Agents- bloating,flatulence, constipation, decreases the abs. of many oral meds Fibrates- GI discomfort, diarrhea, gallstones Niacin- skin flushing, pruritus and gastric irritation-usually combined with another antilipemic |
