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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
are pharmacokinetic considerations more important in penicillin or digitalis?
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digitalis (narrow margin of safety)
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______ is used to determine loading dose and _______ is used to determine maintenance dose
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Vd; Clearance
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ethanol, apirin and phenytoin are _________ _______ drugs
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zero order
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In _________ order kinetics, the rate of elimination is proportional to the plasma drug concentration
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first
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In first order kinetics, a constant ________ of the drug is eliminated per unit time
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fraction
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In zero order kinetics, a constant _________ of the drug is eliminated per unit time
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ammount
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________ order kinetics are independent of drug concentration
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zero
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What is the rate limiting factor at Vmax?
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enzyme activity
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In _________ order kinetics, half-life is constant
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first
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In first order kinetics, what is the rate limiting factor at low concentrations?
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drug availability
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What level would the clearance rate approach for a drug mainly secreted by the renal tubule?
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660 mL/ min
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How do you calculate Vd?
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Dosage / Cp
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A drug's plasma concentration rapidly decreases during the _________ phase in which it moves into the ________ perfusing compartment.
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alpha; slowly
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elimination is also known as _________ phase
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beta
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What is the equation for T1/2?
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T1/2 = 0.693 x Vd / CL
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How many half lives does it take to reach steady state? to reach full elimination?
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4-5 for both
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How many half lives does it take to get to 90% completion?
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3.3
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steady state concentration is directly proportional to __________ ________ and inversely proportional to _________
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infusion rate; clearance
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to decrease the time to get to steady state, increase the rate of infusion (true/false)
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false
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What is the equation for Css?
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Css = 1.44 x F x D x t1/2 / Vd x T
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how do you calculate the loading dose?
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desired concentration x Vd / Foral
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how do you calculate the maintenance dose?
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steady state x CL / Foral
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If creatinine clearance is decreased by half. How would your interval dose change?
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decrease by half
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What happens to t1/2 when CL doubles?
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t1/2 is cut in half
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If t1/2 doubles and no alternative dosages are available, what should you do to your maintenance dose?
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double the interval (eg. 500mg drug X is now given every 8 hours instead of every 4)
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