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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name catecholamines
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Epi
NE DA Dobutamine Isoproterenol |
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Name noncatecholamines
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Phenylephrine
Metaproterenol Terbutaline Clonidine |
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alpha 1 agonists major clinical applications
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- Nasal congestion, ophtalmic hyperemia - short acting nasal sprays or ophtalmic drops - phenylephrine or long acting oral - ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
Hemostasis - EPI Restoring BP - phenylephrine and NE Adjuncts to local anesthetics - EPI, phenylephrine Mydriasis - alpha receptors on dilator (radial muscles) - phenylephrine - facilitates eye exam |
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Side effects for alpha 1 agonists
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Hypertension
Necrosis following extravasation (IV) |
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Alpha 2 agonists major clinical applications
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HYPERTENSION - clonidine
Decreases sympathetic outflow and increases vagal tone - decreases BP and HR |
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Side effects of alpha 2 agonists
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- Sedation and xerostomia (dry mouth) in 50%
- Sexual dysfunction in males - Dose related withdrawal syndrome - rebound hypertension |
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Beta 1 agonists major clinical applications
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- Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, heart failure, heart block - EPI, dobutamine, dopamine - increase cardiac output
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Beta 1 agonists major side effects
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- Tachycardia
- Arrhythmias - Angina pectoris |
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Beta 2 agonists major clinical applications
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- Asthma - BRONCHODILATION - EPI, isoproterenol, metaproterenol, albuterol, terbutaline
- Delay premature labor - terbutaline |
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Beta 2 agonists major side effects
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Hyperglycemia in diabetics
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Dopamine receptor activation
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- Dilates renal blood vessels - D1 - used in treatment of shock - dopamine and fenoldopam
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Name indirect acting sympathomimetics
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Tyramine - red wine, aged cheese - massive release of NE
- Guanethidine - increase NE - Cocaine - inhibits catecholamine uptake - Tricyclic antidepressants - inhibit catecholamine and serotonin uptake |
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Name mixed sympathomimetics
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- Amphetamine
- Metamphetamine - Ephedrine |
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Name alpha blockers
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Non selective - phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine - use for pheochromocytoma, prevent acute hypertensive episodes
Alpha 1 selective - prazosin - use in HTN and BPH |
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Major side effects in alpha 1 blockers
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- Orthostatic hypotension
- Reflex tachycardia Alpha 1 receptors control vascular resistance |
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Major side effect of blocking alpha 2 receptor
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Intensification of reflex tachycardia - release of NE
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Beta blockers
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Cardiac beta 1 blockade
Used in hypertension, MI, angina, arrhythmias, glaucoma (TIMOLOL - decrease aqueous humor secretion) |
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Name non selective beta blockers
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propranolol - both beta 1 and beta 2 blocker
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Name selective beta 1 blocker
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Metaprolol
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Name side effects of beta 1 blocking
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- Bradycardia
- Decreased cardiac output - AV block - Can precipitate heart failure - Sudden withdrawal can cause angina and SUDDEN DEATH |
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Name side effects of beta 2 blocking
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- Brnchoconstriction - bad for asthmatics and COPD
- Blocks glycogenolysis - bad for diabetics |
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Name indirect acting blockers
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- Drug affecting storage in vesicle - reserpine blocks VMAT, tyramine
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