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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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action of carbachol, pilocarpine
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glaucoma drugs - activates ciliary muscle of eye (open angle), pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to AChE
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neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium, physostigmine, and echothiophate all do what?
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increase endogenous ACh
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this extremely short acting anticholinesterase is used for hte diagnos of myasthenia gravis
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edrophonium
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this anticholinesterase is used for post-op and neurogenc ileus and urinary retention, MG, and postop reversal of NM blockade
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neostigmine
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this anticholinesterase is used for glaucoma and atropine OD
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phsostigmine
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symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
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diarrhea, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, and salivation
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antidote for parathion/cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning?
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atropine (muscarinic antagonist) plus pralidoxime (chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)
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how do atropine, homatropine, and tropicamide affect the eye?
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produce mydriasis and cycloplegia (cholinoreceptor blockers)
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actions of atropine?
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muscarinic antagonist - blocks SLUD
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toxicity of atropine?
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inccreased body temp, rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry, flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation
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mechanism/selectivity of epinephrine?
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direct general agonist (alpha 1/2, beta 1/2)
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mechanism/selectivity of NE?
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alpha 1/2, beta 1
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mechanism/selectivity of isoproterenol?
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beta 1 = beta 2
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mechanism/selectivity of dopamine?
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D1=D2 > B > a
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mechanism/selectivity of dobutamine?
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B1 > B2
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mechanism of amphetamines?
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indirect general agonist, rerleases stored catecholamines
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mechanism of ephedrine?
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indirect general agonist, rerleases stored catecholamines
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mechanism/selectivity of phelylephrine?
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a1 > a2
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mechanism/selectivity of albuterol?
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B2 > B1
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mechanism of cocaine?
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indirect general agonist, uptake inhibitor
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mechanism of clonidine, alpha-methyldopa?
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centrally acting alpha agonist, decreases central adrenergic outflow
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name three a1 selective blockers
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prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
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what kind of drug is mirtazapine?
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alpha 2 selective blocker, used for depression
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what are alpha 1 blockers used for?
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hypertension, urinary retention in BPH
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which is reversible: phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine?
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phentolamine
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wwhat are phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine used for?
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nonselective alpha blockers used for pheochromocytoma
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what are the B1 selective blockers?
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A BEAM:
acebutolol (partial agonist), betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol |
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what is a short-acting B1 blocker?
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esmolol
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what two nonselective beta blockers are partial agonists?
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pindolol, labetalol
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how does timolol work in glaucoma?
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decreases secretion of aqueous humor
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what is the only irreversible alpha blocker?
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phenoxybenzamine
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P450 inducers?
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queen barb takes phen-phen and refuses greasy carbs:
quinidine, barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine |
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P450 inhibitors?
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inhibitors stop cyber kinds from eating grapefruits:
isoniazid, sulfonamides, cimetidine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, grapefruit juice, st. john's wort |
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what is inhibited by disulfiram?
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acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
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antibiotic causing ototoxicity in pregnancy?
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aminoglycosides
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antibiotic that can cause acute cholestatic hepatitis in mom?
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erythromycin
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antibiotic that can cause mutagenesis?
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metronidazole
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loading dose?
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Cp x Vd/F
(Cp = target plasma concentration) |
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maintenance dose?
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Cp x CL/F
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half life?
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(0.7 x Vd)/CL
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volume of distribution?
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amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration
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clearance?
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rate of elimination of drug/plasma concentration of drug
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